Stable Isotope Tracing of Temporal and Spatial Variability in Organic Matter Sources to Freshwater Ecosystems

Finlay, Jacques C.; Kendall, Carol

doi:10.1002/9780470691854.ch10

Cited by 259 publications

(296 citation statements)

References 181 publications

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“…Pollen evidence indicates progressive deforestation since the Bronze Age, resulting in an Early Iron Age landscape that was largely open, with very little dense forest (Fischer et al 2010). In regions with more fertile soils, high proportions of hare bones suggest that the landscape was dominated by agricultural land, with only small patches of woodland .…”

Section: A Styring Et Al Farming Regimes In Neolithic and Iron Age Swmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Without such textual evidence in central Europe, the extent to which agricultural production in the Early Iron Age was controlled by an elite and how this related to wider centralisation processes remains speculative (Frankenstein & Rowlands 1978;Reynolds 1995;Earle 2002). Emerging archaeobotanical evidence is consistent with a focus on certain cereal crops including hulled barley at Iron Age fortified hilltop centres (Fischer et al 2010), but this raises the question of whether these selected crops were produced on a larger scale -under lower input conditions than other crops -as a direct elite intervention model would suggest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…At the Heuneburg, situated in a relatively infertile region, the high proportion of cattle and pig bones suggests that there was a stronger emphasis on a meat and livestock-based economy . It has therefore been suggested that there was spatial differentiation between regions, those with more fertile soils being used primarily for arable farming, and those with less fertile soils and steep slopes for grazing animals (Fischer et al 2010).…”

Section: A Styring Et Al Farming Regimes In Neolithic and Iron Age Swmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Centralisation and long-term change in farming regimes: Comparing agricultural practices in Neolithic and Iron Age south-west Germany

Styring¹,

Rösch

Stephan

et al. 2017

Proc. Prehist. Soc.

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This study uses two novel archaeobotanical techniques -crop carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis and functional weed ecology -to determine directly how the intensity of agricultural practice changed from the Neolithic to the Early Iron Age in south-west Germany, with the emergence of fortified hilltop settlements (Fürstensitze or chiefly seats) regarded as the first urban centres in central Europe. The crop isotope and functional weed ecological evidence suggest that surplus cereal production in the Early Iron Age was achieved through sustained use of manure combined with expansion in arable cultivation, both developments that are connected with more widespread use of animal traction. The increased scale of cultivation is broadly apparent across rural as well as fortified hilltop centres in the Early Iron Age, and considerable variability in manuring intensity is consistent with agricultural decision-making at a local level rather than centralised control. Additionally, the more intensive manuring of hulled six-row barley, used in beer production, demonstrates that the political importance of drinking and feasting in Early Iron Age society was reflected in crop husbandry practices. In terms of animal husbandry, faunal isotope data reveal a radical decrease in forest cover, potentially reflecting an expansion in the scale of herding accompanying that of arable cultivation. Sitespecific patterning points to a range of herding strategies, from specialised herding of cattle at the Heuneburg to generalised patterns of livestock management at rural sites.

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Section: A Styring Et Al Farming Regimes In Neolithic and Iron Age Swmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: A Styring Et Al Farming Regimes In Neolithic and Iron Age Swmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Centralisation and long-term change in farming regimes: Comparing agricultural practices in Neolithic and Iron Age south-west Germany

Styring¹,

Rösch

Stephan

et al. 2017

Proc. Prehist. Soc.

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“…abandoned shorelines) in the past is lacking, it is likely that the lake retained its present small depth-to-surface-area ratio at least since the MidHolocene and was, also in consequence of the large wind fetch, always well mixed as it is today, which is indicated by a high O 2 saturation throughout the water column and almost no temperature stratification throughout the year (Figure 2b and c). Furthermore, productivity changes can also be ruled out to have triggered high δ 15 N values as δ 15 N and δ 13 C org are clearly anti-correlated throughout the sediment record (Figure 6), whereas the opposite is commonly regarded to reflect in-lake productivity changes (Finlay and Kendall, 2007;Hodell and Schelske, 1998;Talbot and Laerdal, 2000). Finally, also evaporative loss of isotopically light ammonia during dry climate conditions is unlikely to have caused increases in δ 15 N, as there is no clear correspondence between high-δ 15 N-intervals and dry episodes reflected by the δD n-C29 record ( Figure 5).…”

Section: Phases Of Increased Winter Precipitation and Hemispheric-scamentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic imprint of the mid-latitude Westerlies in the Central Tian Shan of Kyrgyzstan and teleconnections to North Atlantic climate variability during the last 6000 years

et al. 2014

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In general, a moderate drying trend is observed in mid-latitude arid Central Asia since the Mid-Holocene, attributed to the progressively weakening influence of the mid-latitude Westerlies on regional climate. However, as the spatio-temporal pattern of this development and the underlying climatic mechanisms are yet not fully understood, new high-resolution paleoclimate records from this region are needed. Within this study, a sediment core from Lake Son Kol (Central Kyrgyzstan) was investigated using sedimentological, (bio)geochemical, isotopic, and palynological analyses, aiming at reconstructing regional climate development during the last 6000 years. Biogeochemical data, mainly reflecting summer moisture conditions, indicate predominantly wet conditions until 4950 cal. yr BP, succeeded by a pronounced dry interval between 4950 and 3900 cal. yr BP. In the following, a return to wet conditions and a subsequent moderate drying trend until present times are observed. This is consistent with other regional paleoclimate records and likely reflects the gradual Late Holocene diminishment of the amount of summer moisture provided by the mid-latitude Westerlies. However, climate impact of the Westerlies was apparently not only restricted to the summer season but also significant during winter as indicated by recurrent episodes of enhanced allochthonous input through snowmelt, occurring before 6000 cal. yr BP and at 5100–4350, 3450–2850, and 1900–1500 cal. yr BP. The distinct ~1500- year periodicity of these episodes of increased winter precipitation in Central Kyrgyzstan resembles similar cyclicities observed in paleoclimate records around the North Atlantic, likely indicating a hemispheric-scale climatic teleconnection and an impact of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) variability in Central Asia

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“…to -22%0 and -16 to -9%, respectively (Findlay and Kendall 2007). Most values of 6I3c that we observed were < -24%0 indicating C3 plants as sources for LCB food webs.…”

Section: Effect Ofstationmentioning

confidence: 76%

Temporal and Spatial Variation in Stable Isotopes of Carbon and Nitrogen in Lake Carl Blackwell, Oklahoma

Toetz

Bidwell

Payton

2009

Journal of Freshwater Ecology

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A survey of stable isotopes of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) for water, plankton, and sediments and associated limnological parameters was conducted in 2006-2007 in Lake Carl Blackwell, Oklahoma. The effects of time and station were assessed to serve as the basis of further studies that would identify plant sources for consumers and describe the food web of this turbid lake. Samples of water and plankton were taken at four stations along an east to west thalweg; sediments were obtained at four additional stations in coves off the main lake channel. Isotope ratios were obtained for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), particulate organic matter (POM), zooplankton, and sediments as well as content of C and N. Time effects were significant in June and July for 6I3c oIc, 6 I3c POM,

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Stable Isotope Tracing of Temporal and Spatial Variability in Organic Matter Sources to Freshwater Ecosystems

Cited by 259 publications

References 181 publications

Centralisation and long-term change in farming regimes: Comparing agricultural practices in Neolithic and Iron Age south-west Germany

Centralisation and long-term change in farming regimes: Comparing agricultural practices in Neolithic and Iron Age south-west Germany

Climatic imprint of the mid-latitude Westerlies in the Central Tian Shan of Kyrgyzstan and teleconnections to North Atlantic climate variability during the last 6000 years

Temporal and Spatial Variation in Stable Isotopes of Carbon and Nitrogen in Lake Carl Blackwell, Oklahoma

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