Stable isotopes in mammalian research: a beginner's guide

Ben‐David, Merav; Flaherty, Elizabeth A.

doi:10.1644/11-mamm-s-166.1

Cited by 346 publications

(275 citation statements)

References 121 publications

(176 reference statements)

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“…Pinnipeds also have sleep apneas, while hauledout and this may provide additional "hypoxic exposure," that may serve to maintain aerobic capacity during periods when underwater activity is limited (Castellini et al 1992b;Castellini 1994Castellini , 1996Zenteno-Savin and Castellini 1998). Alternatively, because the turnover time for RBCs and muscle Mb is ~2-4 months (Hickson and Rosenkoetter 1981;Ben-David and Flaherty 2012), the breeding and molt periods may not provide sufficient time to observe a decrease in protein production, before animals would need to prepare for active foraging again. In combination, due to the preservation of blood and muscle O 2 storage proteins across the year, TBO 2 stores were also maintained.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling matters: incorporating body composition into Weddell seal seasonal oxygen store comparisons reveals maintenance of aerobic capacities

2015

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β-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase) were likewise maintained across the year. The preservation of aerobic capacity is likely critical to foraging capabilities, so that following the molt Weddell seals can rapidly regain body mass at the start of winter foraging. In contrast, muscle lactate dehydrogenase activity, a marker of anaerobic metabolism, exhibited seasonal plasticity in this diving top predator and was lowest after the summer period of reduced activity. Total body oxygen stores Abstract Adult Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) haul-out on the ice in October/November (austral spring) for the breeding season and reduce foraging activities for ~4 months until their molt in the austral fall (January/February). After these periods, animals are at their leanest and resume actively foraging for the austral winter. In mammals, decreased exercise and hypoxia exposure typically lead to decreased production of O 2 -carrying proteins and muscle wasting, while endurance training increases aerobic potential. To test whether similar effects were present in marine mammals, this study compared the physiology of 53 post-molt female Weddell seals in the austral fall to 47 pre-breeding females during the spring in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Once body mass and condition (lipid) were controlled for, there were no seasonal changes in total body oxygen (TBO 2 ) stores. Within each season, hematocrit and hemoglobin values were negatively correlated with animal size, and larger animals had lower mass-specific TBO 2 stores. But because larger seals had lower mass-specific metabolic rates, their calculated aerobic dive limit was similar to smaller seals. Indicators of muscular efficiency, myosin heavy chain composition, myoglobin concentrations, and aerobic enzyme activities (citrate synthase and Keywords

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling matters: incorporating body composition into Weddell seal seasonal oxygen store comparisons reveals maintenance of aerobic capacities

2015

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“…[10][11][12][13]. Similarly, it has great value in the early diagnosis and evaluation of therapies [14].…”

Section: -Dichlorobenzene (Para-dichlorobenzene or P-dcbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C-12 C (µ=6), 12 C (µ =1.71). As per the literature, the heavier isotopic molecules have lower diffusion velocity, mobility, evaporation rate, thermal decomposition and reaction rate, but having higher binding energy than lighter molecules [45][46][47][48].…”

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confidence: 99%

Determination of Isotopic Abundance Ratio of Biofield Energy Treated 1,4-Dichlorobenzene Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)

Trivedi¹

2016

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Abstract:The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of biofield energy treatment on the isotopic abundance ratios of P M+1 /P M , P M+2 /P M , P M+3 /P M and P M+4 /P M in p-DCB using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The p-DCB was divided into two parts -one part was control sample, and another part was considered as the treated sample which was subjected to biofield energy treatment (The Trivedi Effect ® ). T1, T2, T3, and T4 were referred the biofield treated p-DCB having analyzed at different time intervals. The GC-MS analysis of both the control and biofield treated p-DCB indicated the presence of the parent molecular ion peak at m/z 146 along with four major fragmentation peaks at m/z 111, 75, 55 and 50. The relative peak intensities of the fragmented ions in the biofield treated p-DCB were notably changed as compared to the control sample with respect to the time. The isotopic abundance ratio analysis using GC-MS revealed that the isotopic abundance ratio of P M+1 /P M at T1, T2, T3, and T4 (biofield energy treated p-DCB) was significantly increased by 10.87, 83.90, 225.16, and 241.15%, respectively as compared to the control sample. Consequently, the percentage change in the isotopic abundance ratio of P M+2 /P M at T1, T2, and T3 (biofield energy treated p-DCB) was enhanced by 4.55, 9.49, and 1.80%, respectively as compared to the control sample. Beside these, another two isotopic molecular ion peaks at m/z 149 and 150 were found in the GS-MS spectra due to arise from the contributions of various combinations of 2 H, 13 C, and 37Cl. The isotopic abundance ratios of P M+3 /P M in biofield energy treated sample at T1, T2, T3, and T4 was significantly increased by 15.14, 82.57, 192.43, and 218.31%, respectively as compared to the control sample. Similarly, the P M+4 /P M in biofield energy treated sample at T1, T2, T3, and T4 was significantly increased by 13.80, 86.66, 186.13, and 204.29%, respectively as compared to the control sample. Overall, the isotopic abundance ratios of P M+1 /P M ( Cl/ 35 Cl) were significantly enhanced in the biofield energy treated p-DCB. The biofield treated p-DCB has shown improved isotopic abundance ratios that might have altered the physicochemical properties, thermal properties and rate of reaction. Biofield treated p-DCB might be useful in pharmaceutical and chemical industries as intermediates during the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals and chemicals by monitoring the rate of chemical reaction.

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“…The stable isotopic ratio analysis widely used in several fields such as geographical, agricultural, food authenticity, biochemistry, metabolism, medical research, and sports, etc. [10][11][12][13][14]. The isotopic abundance of a molecule can be altered by means of chemical reactions [11,15].…”

Section: Ortho-and Meta-nitrophenol (O-and M-nitrophenol)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Isotopic Abundance Ratio in Biofield Energy Treated Nitrophenol Derivatives Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Trivedi¹

2016

AJCHE

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Nitrophenols are the synthetic organic chemicals used for the preparation of synthetic intermediates, organophosphorus pesticides, and pharmaceuticals. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of biofield energy treatment on the isotopic abundance ratios of P M+1 /P M , and P M+2 /P M in o-and m-nitrophenol using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The o-and m-nitrophenol were divided into two parts -one part was control sample, and another part was considered as biofield energy treated sample, which received Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment (The Trivedi Effect ® ). The biofield energy treated nitrophenols having analyzed at different time intervals were designated as T1, T2, T3, and T4. The GC-MS analysis of both the control and biofield treated samples indicated the presence of the parent molecular ion peak of o-and mnitrophenol (C 6 H 5 NO 3 + ) at m/z 139 along with major fragmentation peaks at m/z 122, 109, 93, 81, 65, and 39. The relative peak intensities of the fragmented ions in the biofield treated o-and m-nitrophenol were notably changed as compared to the control sample with respect to the time. The isotopic abundance ratio analysis using GC-MS revealed that the isotopic abundance ratio of P M+1 /P M in the biofield energy treated o-nitrophenol at T2 and T3 was significantly increased by 14.48 and 86.49%, respectively as compared to the control sample. Consequently, the isotopic abundance ratio of P M+2 /P M in the biofield energy treated sample at T2 and T3 was increased by 11.36, and 82.95%, respectively as compared to the control sample. Similarly, in m-nitrophenol, the isotopic abundance ratio of P M+1 /P M in the biofield energy treated sample at T1, T3, and T4 was increased by 5.82, 5.09, and 6.40%, respectively as compared to the control sample. Subsequently, the isotopic abundance ratio of P M+2 /P M at T1, T2, T3 and T4 in the biofield energy treated m-nitrophenol was increased by 6.33, 3.80, 16.46, and 16.46%, respectively as compared to the control sample. Overall, the isotopic abundance ratios of P M+1 /P M (

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Stable isotopes in mammalian research: a beginner's guide

Abstract: BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.

Cited by 346 publications

References 121 publications

Scaling matters: incorporating body composition into Weddell seal seasonal oxygen store comparisons reveals maintenance of aerobic capacities

Scaling matters: incorporating body composition into Weddell seal seasonal oxygen store comparisons reveals maintenance of aerobic capacities

Determination of Isotopic Abundance Ratio of Biofield Energy Treated 1,4-Dichlorobenzene Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)

Evaluation of Isotopic Abundance Ratio in Biofield Energy Treated Nitrophenol Derivatives Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

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