Stable isotopes in the atmospheric marine boundary layer water vapour over the Atlantic Ocean, 2012–2015

Benetti, Marion; Steen-Larsen, Hans Christian; Reverdin, Gilles; Sveinbjörnsdóttir, Árný E.; Aloisi, Giovanni; Berkelhammer, Max; Bourlès, Bernard; Bourras, Denis; Coëtlogon, Gaëlle de; Cosgrove, Ann; Faber, Anne-Katrine; Grelet, Jacques; Hansen, Steffen Bo; Johnson, Rodney J.; Legoff, Hervé; Martin, Nicolas; Peters, Andrew J.; Popp, Trevor; Reynaud, Thierry; Winther, Malte

doi:10.1038/sdata.2016.128

Cited by 38 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In addition, our calculation for sublimation contribution is merely a back‐of‐an‐envelope one. There are likely significant variabilities in end‐member d‐excess values in both marine and sublimated vapor, which depend upon atmospheric and/or surface conditions at the evaporation/sublimation sites, as well as along moisture transport pathways (Benetti et al, ; Kurita, 2011; Moser & Stichler, ; Sodemann, Schwierz, & Wernli, ; Sodemann, Masson‐Delmotte, et al, ; Uemura et al,). While we are confident about the qualitative conclusion of this work, further study is necessary to reduce the uncertainty and to address the spatial and temporal variations in source vapor isotopic compositions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, all else being equal, moisture evaporated from a warm subtropical location has a higher d-excess than that from a cold high-latitude location (e.g., Merlivat & Jouzel, 1979;Petit et al, 1991;Vimeux et al, 1999). Recent developments of spectral technology have allowed for in situ isotopic measurements of water vapor in the marine boundary layer, providing direct observations to test theoretical predictions of d-excess variations of vapor at moisture source regions (e.g., Benetti et al, 2014Benetti et al, , 2017Kurita, 2011;Steen-Larsen, Sveinbjörnsdóttir, et al, 2014;Steen-Larsen et al, 2015;Uemura et al, 2008). Vapor measurements have also been conducted on land, including in Greenland (Bonne et al, 2014Kopec et al, 2014;Steen-Larsen et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Deuterium Excess Variations of Precipitation at Summit, Greenland, and their Climatological Significance

et al. 2019

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The hydrogen and oxygen isotopic composition of ice cores from Summit, Greenland, has provided invaluable information about variations in past climate. However, interpretations of these isotopic data have been made despite a paucity of direct isotopic studies of Summit precipitation. We provide insight to such interpretations by examining the annual cycle of deuterium excess (d‐excess) in precipitation samples from Summit and by considering the climatic controls on the annual cycle. Precipitation was collected daily from July 2011 to September 2014 at heights of 1, 2, and 4 m. The isotopic composition of precipitation sampled at 4 m above the snow surface is free of contamination from blowing snow. Precipitation d‐excess is high in the summer and low in the winter, a pattern opposite to that found at most high‐latitude locations, where summer d‐excess is low relative to winter. Low winter d‐excess values at Summit can be explained by varying degrees of Rayleigh distillation of moisture sourced from isotopically similar marine sources. However, the observed summer d‐excess maximum at Summit is anomalously high compared with other Arctic locations, and we propose that this is due to high d‐excess moisture contributed by sublimation of surface snow on the Greenland Ice Sheet. We demonstrate the plausibility of this hypothesis through simple isotopic mass balance calculations, analyses of cloud heights, and back trajectories to identify moisture sources. We show that Rayleigh distillation, sublimation, and the phase of the d‐excess annual cycle are all important factors that should be considered in ice core d‐excess interpretations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Deuterium Excess Variations of Precipitation at Summit, Greenland, and their Climatological Significance

et al. 2019

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“…During the STRASSE, PIRATA, and RARA cruises, the standard meteorological parameters, as well as the isotopic composition of the water vapor have been continuously measured a few meters above the sea surface (see Figure 5a for sampling area). The measurements are fully described in Benetti et al [2017b] and Benetti et al [2014Benetti et al [ , 2015. For all cruises, we calculate the average d e weighted by the evaporation rate using the Craig and Gordon's [1965] equation (Table 3).…”

Section: 1002/2017jc012712mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, a dozen samples are from the northwestern Mediterranean Sea, a semienclosed basin where evaporation largely dominates the water budget. In order to estimate the isotopic composition of the evaporated flux [ Craig and Gordon , ; Merlivat and Jouzel , ], we complement this data set with the continuous measurement of the isotopic composition of the water vapor and standard meteorological parameters above the Atlantic Ocean during several months over the period 2012–2015 [ Benetti et al ., ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable isotopes in surface waters of the Atlantic Ocean: Indicators of ocean‐atmosphere water fluxes and oceanic mixing processes

et al. 2017

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The surface ocean hydrological cycle is explored based on ∼300 new δ18O and δD measurements from surface waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea over the period 2010–2016. Our approach combines these surface observations with salinity (S) and stable isotope measurements of atmospheric water vapor. The distinct regional S‐δ distributions are used to identify different surface water masses and their horizontal advection. Moreover, based on assumptions on the δ‐S characteristics of seawater sources and the isotope composition of the evaporative (δe) and meteoric water (δMW) fluxes, the δ‐S distribution is used to indicate the relative importance of evaporation (E) and meteoric water inputs (MW). Here δe is estimated from the Craig and Gordon's equation using 120 days of measurements of the ambient air above the Atlantic Ocean collected during three cruises. To provide quantitative estimates of the E:MW ratio, we use the box model from Craig and Gordon (1965). This identifies the subtropical gyre as a region where E:MW ∼2 and the tropical ocean as a region were MW:E ∼2. Finally, we show that the δ18O‐δD distribution is better represented by a linear fit than the δ‐S relationship, even in basins governed by different hydrological processes. We interpret the δ18O‐δD distribution considering the kinetic fractionation processes associated with evaporation. In the tropical region where MW exceeds E, the δ18O‐δD distribution identifies the MW inputs from their kinetic signature, whereas in regions where E exceeds MW, the δ18O‐δD distribution traces the humidity at the sea surface.

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“…The most depleted isotopic values, signature of dilution processes, were recorded during periods of strong convective activity in the Gulf of Guinea. These data sets also allowed demonstrating the impact of tropical upwellings and mesoscale SSS patterns on water vapor composition, suggesting that high‐resolution isotope sampling can identify advection processes, even if salinity variations are small (Benetti, Steen‐Larsen, et al, ; Benetti, Reverdin, et al, ).…”

Section: Pirata Data In Ocean Products and In Operational Analyses Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

PIRATA: A Sustained Observing System for Tropical Atlantic Climate Research and Forecasting

Bourlès

Araújo

McPhaden

et al. 2019

Earth and Space Science

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Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA) is a multinational program initiated in 1997 in the tropical Atlantic to improve our understanding and ability to predict ocean‐atmosphere variability. PIRATA consists of a network of moored buoys providing meteorological and oceanographic data transmitted in real time to address fundamental scientific questions as well as societal needs. The network is maintained through dedicated yearly cruises, which allow for extensive complementary shipboard measurements and provide platforms for deployment of other components of the Tropical Atlantic Observing System. This paper describes network enhancements, scientific accomplishments and successes obtained from the last 10 years of observations, and additional results enabled by cooperation with other national and international programs. Capacity building activities and the role of PIRATA in a future Tropical Atlantic Observing System that is presently being optimized are also described.

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Stable isotopes in the atmospheric marine boundary layer water vapour over the Atlantic Ocean, 2012–2015

Cited by 38 publications

References 39 publications

Seasonal Deuterium Excess Variations of Precipitation at Summit, Greenland, and their Climatological Significance

Seasonal Deuterium Excess Variations of Precipitation at Summit, Greenland, and their Climatological Significance

Stable isotopes in surface waters of the Atlantic Ocean: Indicators of ocean‐atmosphere water fluxes and oceanic mixing processes

PIRATA: A Sustained Observing System for Tropical Atlantic Climate Research and Forecasting

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