Stable Multiply-Bonded Germanium and Tin Species

Singly Bonded Catenated Germanes: Eighty Years of Progress

“…162 In the single isomer of 74 generated in this reaction, one of the Bu t 3 Si groups is disposed on the opposite side of the central Ge 3 triangle from the other two. 162 This results in a distortion from an equilateral triangular geometry, as the Ge-Ge bond distances in 74 are 2.4883(5), 2.4931(5), and 2.5306(4) Å, and the Ge-Ge-Ge bond angles measure 59.56(1), 59.38(1), and 61.06(1)°. As observed for compound 62b and other cyclotrigermanes, compound 74 undergoes photolytic cleavage to yield a digermene and a germylene, as confirmed by trapping studies in the presence of 2,3-dimethylbutadiene (eq 31).…”

“…In addition, the synthesis and characterization of polygermanes (i.e., mixtures of compounds with a molecular weight distribution), that have been the subject of several reviews, – will also be briefly discussed here. A number of reviews on the chemistry of digermenes, that contain GeGe double bonds ranging in length from 2.21−2.35 Å, have recently appeared, and these species will not be discussed herein. – In addition, the preparation, characterization, and properties of ionic germanium clusters – will not be covered here.…”

“…A number of reviews on the chemistry of digermenes, that contain GedGe double bonds ranging in length from 2.21-2.35 Å, have recently appeared, and these species will not be discussed herein. [59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66] In addition, the preparation, characterization, and properties of ionic germanium clusters [67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80] will not be covered here.…”

Synthetic, Structural, and Physical Investigations of the Large Linear and Branched Oligogermanes Ph3GeGePh2GePh2GePh2H, Ge5Ph12, and (Ph3Ge)4Ge

“…Catenated compounds of the group 14 elements can be regarded as heavy analogues of simple organic molecules, and both “saturated” species having element–element single bonds and “unsaturated” species having element–element multiple bonds have been realized for silicon, − germanium, − and tin. − In addition, various branched and cage-type structures are known for these elements. However, while long-chain hydrocarbons, highly branched structures, and polycyclic species are very common for carbon catenates, these types of materials are less known for the heavier group 14 elements.…”

Accessing Cationic α‐Silylated and α‐Germylated Phosphorus Ylides

“… [24] Thus, the germanium ylide 14 can clearly be regarded as a germene bearing a cationic phosphonium substituent. [ 14a , 25 ] The small C2−C1−Ge1−C3 dihedral angle of 17° support these findings. The Ge1−C3 bond length of 1.931(5) Å is in the expected range of Ge−C single bonds.…”