Stable neutralizing antibody levels 6 months after mild and severe COVID-19 episodes

Pradenas, Edwards; Trinité, Benjamín; Urrea, Víctor; Marfil, Sílvia; Ávila‐Nieto, Carlos; Concepción, Maria Luisa Rodrı́guez de la; Tarrés-Freixas, Ferran; Pérez-Yanes, Silvia; Rovirosa, Carla; Ainsua-Enrich, Erola; Rodón, Jordi; Vergara‐Alert, Júlia; Guallar, Vı́ctor; Valencia, Alfonso; Izquierdo-Useros, Nuria; Paredes, Roger; Mateu, Lourdes; Chamorro, Anna; Massanella, Marta; Carrillo, Jorge; Clotet, Bonaventura; Blanco, Julià

doi:10.1016/j.medj.2021.01.005

Cited by 102 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Among 210 Spanish patients, Pradenas et. al showed similar results in a study with a different antibody evolution according to severity of the disease [ 18 ]. They showed a slow decline in antibody level among mild/asymptomatic patients and a two-phase decline among hospitalized patients: fast initial decline, slowing down after 80 days [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…al showed similar results in a study with a different antibody evolution according to severity of the disease [ 18 ]. They showed a slow decline in antibody level among mild/asymptomatic patients and a two-phase decline among hospitalized patients: fast initial decline, slowing down after 80 days [ 18 ]. Finally, a pre-print prospective study among 308 French patients that have found a half-live of anti-S IgG of 41 weeks, have shown that antibodies persist for longer periods of time in women than in men [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

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Longitudinal changes in IgG levels among COVID-19 recovered patients: A prospective cohort study

et al. 2021

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Objectives To quantify SARS-CoV2 IgG antibody titers over time and assess the longevity of the immune response in a multi-ethnic population setting. Setting This prospective study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Abu Dhabi city, UAE, among COVID-19 confirmed patients. The virus-specific IgG were measured quantitatively in serum samples from the patients during three visits over a period of 6 months. Serum IgG levels ≥15 AU/ml was used to define a positive response. Participants 113 patients were analyzed at first visit, with a mean (SD) age of participants of 45.9 (11.8) years 87.5% of the patients were men. 63 and 27 participants had data available for visits 2 and 3, respectively. Primary outcome Change in SARS-CoV2 IgG antibody titers over the visits. Results No mortality or re-infection were reported. 69% of the patients developed positive IgG response within the first month after the onset of symptoms. The levels of IgG showed a consistent increase during the first three months with a peak level during the third month. Increasing trend in the levels of IgG were observed in 82.5%, 55.6% and 70.4% of patients between visit 1 to visit 2, visit 2 to visit 3, and from visit 1 to visit 3, respectively. Furthermore, about 64.3% of the patients showed sustained increase in IgG response for more than 120 days. Conclusions Our study indicates a sustained and prolonged positive immune response in COVID-19 recovered patients. The consistent rise in antibody and positive levels of IgG titers within the first 5 months suggest that immunization is possible, and the chances of reinfection minimal.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Longitudinal changes in IgG levels among COVID-19 recovered patients: A prospective cohort study

et al. 2021

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“…Severe COVID-19 has been related to increased age, high levels of inflammatory markers and seroconversion (Staines et al, 2021). Persistent seroconversion and higher neutralizing titers have been found consistently in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals (Trinité et al, 2021;Pradenas et al, 2021). These studies support the relevance of alternative immune mechanisms to humoral responses crucial in limiting SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Also, neutralizing antibodies have been shown to predict severity and survival (Garcia-Beltran et al, 2021). However, high neutralizing antibody titers do not positively correlate with less severe clinical outcome (Trinité et al, 2021;Rydyznski Moderbacher et al, 2020). Antiviral CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses are key in the natural control of viral infections (Noel et al, 2016;Pereyra et al, 2010;Kiepiela et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly functional Cellular Immunity in SARS-CoV-2 Non-Seroconvertors is associated with immune protection

Kilpeläinen

Jiménez-Moyano

Blanch-Lombarte

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The role of T cells in the control of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been underestimated in favor of neutralizing antibodies. However, cellular immunity is essential for long-term viral control and protection from disease severity. To understand T-cell immunity in the absence of antibody generation we focused on a group of SARS-CoV-2 Non-Seroconvertors (NSC) recovered from infection. We performed an immune comparative analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals stratified by the absence or presence of seroconversion and disease severity. We report high levels of total naïve and low effector CD8+ T cells in NSC. Moreover, polyfunctional Nucleocapsid (NP)-specific CD8+ T-cell responses, as well as reduced levels of T-cell activation monitored by PD-1 and activation-induced markers, were distinctive immunological traits in NSC. Longitudinal data support the stability of the NSC phenotype over three months. Our results implicate highly functional SARS-CoV-2 Spike and NP T-cell responses with low immune activation in protection from disease severity in the absence of seroconversion.SUMMARYTo understand SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell immunity in the absence of seroconversion, we characterized immunological features of Non-Seroconvertors recovered from infection. Highly functional specific T-cell responses and low immune activation were determinants of immune protection from severe disease.

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“…Several studies [ 40 , 62 , 63 ] have reported significant losses of specific IgG/neutralizing antibodies three to six months following SARS-CoV-2 infection. In contrast, other studies [ 64 , 65 , 66 ] have shown SARS-CoV-2 sero-positivity to be mostly stable up to six months.…”

Section: Virological Properties Of Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 72%

Population (Antibody) Testing for COVID-19—Technical Challenges, Application and Relevance, an English Perspective

Maple

2021

Vaccines

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In the UK, population virus or antibody testing using virus swabs, serum samples, blood spots or oral fluids has been performed to a limited extent for several diseases including measles, mumps, rubella and hepatitis and HIV. The collection of population-based infection and immunity data is key to the monitoring of disease prevalence and assessing the effectiveness of interventions such as behavioural modifications and vaccination. In particular, the biological properties of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its interaction with the human host have presented several challenges towards the development of population-based immunity testing. Measuring SARS-CoV-2 immunity requires the development of antibody assays of acceptable sensitivity and specificity which are capable of accurately detecting seroprevalence and differentiating protection from non-protective responses. Now that anti-COVID-19 vaccines are becoming available there is a pressing need to measure vaccine efficacy and the development of herd immunity. The unprecedented impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the UK in terms of morbidity, mortality, and economic and social disruption has mobilized a national scientific effort to learn more about this virus. In this article, the challenges of testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in relation to population-based immunity testing, will be considered and examples given of relevant national level studies.

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Stable neutralizing antibody levels 6 months after mild and severe COVID-19 episodes

Cited by 102 publications

References 29 publications

Longitudinal changes in IgG levels among COVID-19 recovered patients: A prospective cohort study

Longitudinal changes in IgG levels among COVID-19 recovered patients: A prospective cohort study

Highly functional Cellular Immunity in SARS-CoV-2 Non-Seroconvertors is associated with immune protection

Population (Antibody) Testing for COVID-19—Technical Challenges, Application and Relevance, an English Perspective

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