Stable organic electrochemical neurons based on p-type and n-type ladder polymers

Wu, Haimei; Huang, Jun‐Da; Jeong, Sang Young; Liu, Tiefeng; Wu, Ziang; Pol, Tom van der; Wang, Qingqing; Stoeckel, Marc‐Antoine; Li, Qifan; Fahlman, Mats; Tu, Deyu; Woo, Han Young; Yang, Chi‐Yuan; Fabiano, Simone

doi:10.1039/d3mh00858d

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…For example, BBL, which swells negligibly in electrolytes, undergoes a drastic and permanent change in morphology upon electrochemical doping, while keeping the molecular packing remains undisrupted, leading to exceptional mixed electron and ion transport despite lack of ion-coordinating side chains [ 55 , 56 ]. Similar structure and morphological changes have also been observed in other OECTs systems [ 36 , 57 – 59 ]. These changes significantly affect the dynamics of charge carriers and ions, making it essential to recognize and understand them for advancing OECTs design and materials.…”

Section: Working Principle Of Oectssupporting

confidence: 82%

Transient Response and Ionic Dynamics in Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Zhao,

Yang,

2024

Nano-Micro Lett.

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The rapid development of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) has ushered in a new era in organic electronics, distinguishing itself through its application in a variety of domains, from high-speed logic circuits to sensitive biosensors, and neuromorphic devices like artificial synapses and organic electrochemical random-access memories. Despite recent strides in enhancing OECT performance, driven by the demand for superior transient response capabilities, a comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay between charge and ion transport, alongside electron–ion interactions, as well as the optimization strategies, remains elusive. This review aims to bridge this gap by providing a systematic overview on the fundamental working principles of OECT transient responses, emphasizing advancements in device physics and optimization approaches. We review the critical aspect of transient ion dynamics in both volatile and non-volatile applications, as well as the impact of materials, morphology, device structure strategies on optimizing transient responses. This paper not only offers a detailed overview of the current state of the art, but also identifies promising avenues for future research, aiming to drive future performance advancements in diversified applications."Image missing"

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Section: Working Principle Of Oectssupporting

confidence: 82%

Transient Response and Ionic Dynamics in Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Zhao,

Yang,

2024

Nano-Micro Lett.

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“…This implies that its higher-ordered packing state allows ion penetration through the film without affecting its molecular arrangement, which is most likely attributed to the enhanced stability of the annealed film. We also took note of a recent publication [28] with similar ladder polymer structure and demonstrated that their as-cast polymer exhibited good operational stability. This can possibly be due to the complex dynamics between the molecular weight distribution, attained morphology, and crystallinity, which we hope to clarify in future studies.…”

Section: Annealing Effect On P-type Ladder Conjugated Polymermentioning

confidence: 87%

Highly Stable Ladder‐Type Conjugated Polymer Based Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Low Power and Signal Processing‐Free Surface Electromyogram Triggered Robotic Hand Control

Zhou,

Wu,

Tam

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) based complementary inverters have been considered as promising candidates in electrophysiological amplification, owing to their low power consumption, and high gain. To create complementary inverters, it is important to use highly stable p‐type and n‐type polymers with well‐balanced current. In this study, the electrochemical stability of p‐type ladder‐conjugated polymer‐based OECT is improved through an annealing process that maintains its doped‐state drain current from 76% to 105% after 4,500 cycles in ambient environment. Next an OECT‐based complementary inverter made from p‐type and n‐type ladder‐conjugated polymers (PBBTL and BBL) that possess ultra‐low power consumption (≈170 nW), high gain (67 V/V), and high noise margin (92%) with full rail‐to‐rail swing, is presented. Furthermore, its potential for amplifying the envelope of surface electromyography (EMG) for robotic hand control is demonstrated. The high variation in the output (0.35 V) allows the amplified EMG signals to be directly captured by a commercial analog‐to‐digital converter, which in turn controls the robot hand to grasp different objects with low delay and low noise. These results demonstrate the capability of OECT inverter‐based amplifier in future signal processing‐free human‐machine interface, particularly useful for prosthetic control and gesture control applications.

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“…Furthermore, OECT systems exhibit neuromorphic properties, as the previous state of the ionic circuit imposes a bias on the response to future changes in V G . The neuromorphic characteristics of OECTs allows for the development of organic electrochemical neurons (OECNs) that mimic neuron firing frequency and plasticity. , Connecting an OECN to an organism via electrodes has been used to induce lobe closure in a Venus flytrap and to induce muscle contractions in a leech . The onboard computation provided by OECN systems will facilitate the creation of lightweight BCIs that interface by imitating biological neuron activity while providing on-chip processing capabilities.…”

Section: Electrical Engineering and Materials Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

Information Transmission through Biotic–Abiotic Interfaces to Restore or Enhance Human Function

Kelly,

Glover

2024

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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Advancements in reliable information transfer across biotic− abiotic interfaces have enabled the restoration of lost human function. For example, communication between neuronal cells and electrical devices restores the ability to walk to a tetraplegic patient and vision to patients blinded by retinal disease. These impactful medical achievements are aided by tailored biotic− abiotic interfaces that maximize information transfer fidelity by considering the physical properties of the underlying biological and synthetic components. This Review develops a modular framework to define and describe the engineering of biotic and abiotic components as well as the design of interfaces to facilitate biotic−abiotic information transfer using light or electricity. Delineating the properties of the biotic, interface, and abiotic components that enable communication can serve as a guide for future research in this highly interdisciplinary field. Application of synthetic biology to engineer light-sensitive proteins has facilitated the control of neural signaling and the restoration of rudimentary vision after retinal blindness. Electrophysiological methodologies that use brain− computer interfaces and stimulating implants to bypass spinal column injuries have led to the rehabilitation of limb movement and walking ability. Cellular interfacing methodologies and on-chip learning capability have been made possible by organic transistors that mimic the information processing capacity of neurons. The collaboration of molecular biologists, material scientists, and electrical engineers in the emerging field of biotic−abiotic interfacing will lead to the development of prosthetics capable of responding to thought and experiencing touch sensation via direct integration into the human nervous system. Further interdisciplinary research will improve electrical and optical interfacing technologies for the restoration of vision, offering greater visual acuity and potentially color vision in the near future.

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Stable organic electrochemical neurons based on p-type and n-type ladder polymers

Abstract: Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are a rapidly advancing technology that plays a crucial role in developing next-generation bioelectronic devices. Recent advances in p-type/n-type organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) have enabled...

Cited by 18 publications

References 72 publications

Transient Response and Ionic Dynamics in Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Transient Response and Ionic Dynamics in Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Highly Stable Ladder‐Type Conjugated Polymer Based Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Low Power and Signal Processing‐Free Surface Electromyogram Triggered Robotic Hand Control

Information Transmission through Biotic–Abiotic Interfaces to Restore or Enhance Human Function

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