Stable oxygen isotope content of water of EU data-bank wines from Italy, France and Germany

Abstract

The application of oxygen isotope analysis to wine water (according to EU regulation no. 822/97) to determine a wine's origin, and check that it has not been adulterated is gaining increasing importance in both laboratories and industry. Using samples of Italian, French and German wines from the EU wine data bank (EU-DB), good agreement between the results from participating laboratories was demonstrated. Close correlations between the oxygen isotope contents of must and related wine water were found for samples from all countries. Based on the results of the d 18 O values for EU-DB wines from 1991 to 1996 from Italy, France and Germany, we describe and discuss the main factors which are responsible for the variation of the oxygen isotope ratios of wine water. The examination of spiked samples demonstrated the usefulness of d 18 O analysis for the detection of the watering down of wine. The possibility of origin assignment, preferably if the determination of the d 18 O value by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) is employed together with the determination of the site-specific hydrogen isotope content of wine ethanol by 2 H-NMR and the measurement of d 13 C values of ethanol by IRMS, is outlined.

25 Years authentication of wine with stable isotope analysis in the European Union – Review and outlook

“…Many studies have been published on the general or specific influence of geographic origin on stable isotope ratios in wine constituents [13][14][15][16][17][18][29][30][31][32][33][34][35].…”

Statistical Analysis of Rice Samples for Compositions of Multiple Light Elements (H, C, N, and O) and Their Stable Isotopes

“…Hydrogen isotope analysis of a few number of the samples were carried out at the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) using a high temperature conversion elemental analyzer (TCEA) coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS; Thermo Finnigan Delta plus XP) via a Conflo III interface. The δ notation is used to describe the isotopic difference between the sample and an international standard, which was defined as a following equation: δ ( ) = (Rsample -Rstandard)/Rstandard × 1000, where Rsample is the isotope ratio (i.e., D/H, 13 O) of the sample, and Rstandard is the isotope ratio of the international standard: for carbon, Peedee Belemnite (PDB); for nitrogen, Air; and for oxygen, Standard Mean Ocean water (SMOW). Each isotope value is given as permil, .…”

“…5 Alternatively, multi-stable isotopic analysis of biogenic light elements such as hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen in food materials has received their great attention as a rapid screening and a cost-friendly routine method to identify their origin, promptly and economically. [6][7][8][9][10][11] Practically, they have employed this method to solve food authenticity problems: i.e., an evaluation of the adulteration of honey, juice, and wine, [12][13][14] or an identification of the geological origin of the meat, 15 dairy products, 16,17 wine, 18 cereal crops, 9 and long-grain rices. 8 Compared to the other techniques, the stable isotopic method especially for the plants could provide a wider range of information such as different kinds of the photosynthetic pathways and soil nutrition, and those of the quality and origin of irrigation water plants.…”

“…8 Compared to the other techniques, the stable isotopic method especially for the plants could provide a wider range of information such as different kinds of the photosynthetic pathways and soil nutrition, and those of the quality and origin of irrigation water plants. This is because that those isotopic compositions (δ 13 C, δ 15 N, and δ 18 O) reflect various factors such as isotopic compositions of source materials (e.g., CO2, H2O, NH3, and NO2) and their assimilation processes as well as growth environments. It has known that the carbon isotopic composition of plant materials strongly depends on the carbon fixation process such as the C3 and C4 cycle.…”

Laser-based measurements of 18O/16O stable isotope ratios (δ18O) in wine samples

“…3 Recently, measurements of the 18 O/ 16 O stable isotope ratio (expressed as δ 18 O) of water in wine have been used for wine authentication, and extensive databases of wine isotope ratios are now being developed. [4][5][6][7] These technologies have also been extended to fruit juice extracts, 8 concentrated spirits, 9 and other food authentication applications.…”