Stable Potassium Metal Anodes with an All‐Aluminum Current Collector through Improved Electrolyte Wetting

Liu, Pengcheng; Wang, Yixian; Hao, Hongchang; Basu, Sugato; Feng, Xuyong; Xu, Yixin; Boscoboinik, J. Anibal; Nanda, Jagjit; Watt, John; Mitlin, David

doi:10.1002/adma.202002908

Cited by 78 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Figure 7 A shows the Al 2p spectra of the treated films. Both metallic Al (72.2 eV) and Al 2 O 3 (74.2 eV) are detected at the surface of the control film (Al-air) owing to exposure in air, which matches well the theoretic peak positions ( Liu et al., 2020a ). After being treated with PFN-Br and PDINN solution, the Al (2p) metallic core level (Al 2p3/2) ( Figure 7 A) shifts toward higher binding energy (from 72.2 to 72.4 eV) and the Al 2p1/2 peak almost disappears, suggesting electron transfer from metal atoms to organic molecules by strong chemical reaction.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Efficient organic solar cells with superior stability based on PM6:BTP-eC9 blend and AZO/Al cathode

Yin

Mei

et al. 2021

iScience

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Summary Although efficiency over 18% has been achieved, the real application of organic solar cells is still impeded by inferior stability because of degradation and limited studies. Here we report efficient normal structure organic solar cells delivering promising stability under different conditions, based on PM6:BTP-eC9 blend and AZO/Al cathode. The impact of cathode on device stability is systematically studied by screening the leading electron transporting layers i.e., AZO, PFN-Br, PDINN, and metal electrodes (Al and Ag). Strong correlation between cathode and stability is demonstrated. The optimal AZO/Al-cathode device delivers the best efficiency of 15.76%, with shelf-stability of T83 > 1,200 h, thermal stability of T60 > 300 h, and MPP operational stability of T87 > 500 h. As far as we know, this is the best stability achieved for PM6:Y6/derivative cells in literature so far, based on well-studied simple cathode system and without any tailoring/dopant for the active blend.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Efficient organic solar cells with superior stability based on PM6:BTP-eC9 blend and AZO/Al cathode

Yin

Mei

et al. 2021

iScience

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“…[14] All the abovementioned limitations can be overcome or reduced if dendrite growth/breakage can be prevented during the deposition/ dissolution process. Many studies have been reported on the construction of dendrite-free metal anodes: a) fabrication of modified electrodes or metal substrate surfaces, [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] b) synthesis of new electrolytes, [25][26][27][28][29] c) use of solid electrolytes, [22,[30][31][32] and d) improvement of the electrode-electrolyte interface. [9,15,33,34] However, these studies have rarely focused on the properties, such as the stability of dendrites during charging and discharging, of dendrites.…”

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confidence: 99%

Self‐Healing Properties of Alkali Metals under “High‐Energy Conditions” in Batteries

Zhang

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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With the development of high‐energy‐density metal batteries, dendrite growth has become a bottleneck for the further improvement of alkali metal electrodes. In this study, the self‐healing performance of dendrites under “high‐energy conditions” are predicted and verified. Initially, the driving force of self‐healing is analyzed based on surface energy. Theoretically, the activation energy for atom diffusion, which contributes to the resistance of self‐healing, is quantitatively calculated. Moreover, to illustrate self‐healing in Li, Na, and K electrodes, electrochemical curves, in situ optical images, and SEM images are obtained at different temperatures and current densities. Based on the results, it is concluded that K dendrites under “high‐energy conditions” (i.e., at high temperatures and high current densities) possess the highest self‐healing ability and reparability. Consequently, the self‐healing properties of alkali metals under high‐energy conditions are theoretically and experimentally examined and confirmed.

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“…In addition, various strategies for stabilizing the interface have been proposed, including modification of the electrolyte compositions and design of nanostructured or coated electrodes. [ 86–91 ]…”

Section: Fundamental Understanding Of Electrochemical Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ and Operando Characterizations of 2D Materials in Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices

et al. 2021

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The urgent need of modern society for portable energy‐consuming devices has boosted the development of high‐power supercapacitors and high‐energy batteries. Major prerequisites for augmenting wider practical applications are advanced electrode materials and deeper insights into the underlying electrochemical processes. Owing to their unique physicochemical properties, 2D materials, such as graphene, transition metal carbides, nitrides, and dichalcogenides, hold special promise. Characterizing their behavior under real operating conditions (operando) or at the site of operation (in situ) without disassembling the device helps uncover essential kinetic information, which may, otherwise, be lost. By identifying both harmful and beneficial mechanisms, these in situ and operando characterization techniques allow researchers to alleviate critical issues in existing materials and develop new materials with enhanced properties. Herein, a brief introduction including the preparation and the electrochemical energy storage application of 2D materials is first presented. The main concern, thereby, is the influence of preparation methods on the resulting electrode structure and electrochemical performance. Then, the electrochemical mechanisms underlying the operation of supercapacitors and lithium batteries are discussed in detail. Finally, the perspective and future direction of applying the in situ and operando techniques to model 2D materials in revealing some important processes are highlighted.

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Stable Potassium Metal Anodes with an All‐Aluminum Current Collector through Improved Electrolyte Wetting

Cited by 78 publications

References 121 publications

Efficient organic solar cells with superior stability based on PM6:BTP-eC9 blend and AZO/Al cathode

Efficient organic solar cells with superior stability based on PM6:BTP-eC9 blend and AZO/Al cathode

Self‐Healing Properties of Alkali Metals under “High‐Energy Conditions” in Batteries

In Situ and Operando Characterizations of 2D Materials in Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices

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