Stable vortex structures in colliding self-gravitating Bose-Einstein condensates

We present the simulation results of merging harmonically confined rotating Bose–Einstein condensates in two dimensions. Merging of the condensate is triggered by positioning the rotation axis at the trap minima and moving both condensates toward each other while slowly ramping their rotation frequency. We analyze the dynamics of the merged condensate by letting them evolve under a single harmonic trap. We systematically investigate the formation of solitonic and vortex structures in the final, unified condensate, considering both nonrotating and rotating initial states. In both cases, merging leads to the formation of solitons that decay into vortex pairs through snake instability, and subsequently, these pairs annihilate. Soliton formation and decay-induced phase excitations generate sound waves, more pronounced when the merging time is short. We witness no sound wave generation at sufficiently longer merging times that finally leads to the condensate reaching its ground state. With rotation, we notice off-axis merging (where the rotation axes are not aligned), leading to the distortion and weakening of soliton formation. The incompressible kinetic energy spectrum exhibits a Kolmogorov-like cascade [E(k)∼k−5/3] in the initial stage for merging condensates rotating above a critical frequency and a Vinen-like cascade [E(k)∼k−1] at a later time for all cases. Our findings hold potential significance for atomic interferometry, continuous atomic lasers, and quantum sensing applications.

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Dynamical friction in rotating ultralight dark matter galactic cores

Gorkavenko,

Barabash,

Gorkavenko

et al. 2024

Class. Quantum Grav.

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Dynamical friction and stellar orbital motion in spiral galaxies with dark matter composed of ultralight bosons in the state of rotating Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) are studied. It is found that the dynamical friction force is significantly affected by the topological charge of the vortex structure of the BEC core with the strongest effect at distances near the galactic center. It is also shown that the ultralight dark matter self-interaction plays an important role in studying the dynamical friction.

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Stable vortex structures in colliding self-gravitating Bose-Einstein condensates

Cited by 7 publications

References 57 publications

Comparison of two different integration methods for the (1+1)-dimensional Schrödinger-Poisson equation

Comparison of two different integration methods for the (1+1)-dimensional Schrödinger-Poisson equation

Dynamic instabilities and turbulence of merged rotating Bose–Einstein condensates

Dynamical friction in rotating ultralight dark matter galactic cores

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