Stacking faults in the structure of nickel hydroxide: a rationale of its high electrochemical activity

Delmas, Claude; Tessier, Cécile

doi:10.1039/a701037k

Cited by 154 publications

(138 citation statements)

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“…Structural disorder in Ni(OH) 2 can provide an easier path for the diffusion of protons within the NiO layers and can help lower the free energy by increasing the entropy, which can in turn increase the electrochemical reaction rate [10,12]. Previous reports have indicated that the peak (1 0 l) was especially broad when the nickel hydroxide was more active [34,35]. It is obvious that sample A shows a broader FWHM of the (1 0 1) diffraction line of 1.057, whereas the value for spherical sample B is 0.782, indicating that non-spherical powders possess a higher density of structural disorder and a better electrochemical activity in spite of its larger particle size.…”

Section: Xrdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative structural and electrochemical study of high density spherical and non-spherical Ni(OH)2 as cathode materials for Ni–metal hydride batteries

Shangguan

Chang

Tang

et al. 2011

Journal of Power Sources

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:Nickel hydroxide High-density Nickel-metal hydride batteries High-rate discharge Cathode materials a b s t r a c tIn this paper we compare the behavior of non-spherical and spherical ␤-Ni(OH) 2 as cathode materials for Ni-MH batteries in an attempt to explore the effect of microstructure and surface properties of ␤-Ni(OH) 2 on their electrochemical performances. Non-spherical ␤-Ni(OH) 2 powders with a high-density are synthesized using a simple polyacrylamide (PAM) assisted two-step drying method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) testing, laser particle size analysis, and tap-density testing are used to characterize the physical properties of the synthesized products. Electrochemical characterization, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and a charge/discharge test, is also performed. The results show that the non-spherical ␤-Ni(OH) 2 materials exhibit an irregular tabular shape and a dense solid structure, which contains many overlapped sheet nano crystalline grains, and have a high density of structural disorder and a large specific surface area. Compared with the spherical ␤-Ni(OH) 2 , the non-spherical ␤-Ni(OH) 2 materials have an enhanced discharge capacity, higher discharge potential plateau and superior cycle stability. This performance improvement can be attributable to a higher proton diffusion coefficient (4.26 × 10 −9 cm 2 s −1 ), better reaction reversibility, and lower electrochemical impedance of the synthesized material.

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Section: Xrdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative structural and electrochemical study of high density spherical and non-spherical Ni(OH)2 as cathode materials for Ni–metal hydride batteries

Shangguan

Chang

Tang

et al. 2011

Journal of Power Sources

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“…The substitution of nickel sites with cobalt atoms improves the proton conductivity of β-Ni(OH) 2 . It is unclear, however, whether this is attributable to increased proton vacancies [42] or to increased stacking fault disorder, which is also known to affect the electrochemical activity of nickel hydroxide electrodes [43][44][45]. Therefore, it is important that all possible forms of disorder should be identified.…”

Section: Greater If the Interlayer Space Contains Anionic Impurities mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stacking faults cause selective line broadening in XRD patterns, because the disorder is only along the direction of the crystallographic c-axis (i.e. order within the ab-plane is unaffected by stacking faults) [43,45,57]. The relationship between stacking fault frequency and powder XRD peak widths and intensities has been simulated computationally [44,59].…”

Section: (I) Hydrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…β-Ni(OH) 2 materials have been prepared with cationic substitutions of the lattice Ni with Mg [60,61], Al [16], Ca [38,61], Co [42,43,52,[61][62][63][64], Cu [61], Zn [61,65,66] and Cd [42,64]. All of these materials maintain the space group of the parent β-phase material, although generally with slightly modified unit cell parameters.…”

Section: (Iii) Ionic Substitution and Foreign Ion Incorporationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nickel hydroxides and related materials: a review of their structures, synthesis and properties

et al. 2015

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This review article summarizes the last few decades of research on nickel hydroxide, an important material in physics and chemistry, that has many applications in engineering including, significantly, batteries. First, the structures of the two known polymorphs, denoted as α-Ni(OH) 2 and β-Ni(OH) 2 , are described. The various types of disorder, which are frequently present in nickel hydroxide materials, are discussed including hydration, stacking fault disorder, mechanical stresses and the incorporation of ionic impurities. Several related materials are discussed, including intercalated α-derivatives and basic nickel salts. Next, a number of methods to prepare, or synthesize, nickel hydroxides are summarized, including chemical precipitation, electrochemical precipitation, sol-gel synthesis, chemical ageing, hydrothermal and solvothermal synthesis, electrochemical oxidation, microwaveassisted synthesis, and sonochemical methods. Finally, the known physical properties of the nickel hydroxides are reviewed, including their magnetic, vibrational, optical, electrical and mechanical properties. The last section in this paper is intended to serve as a summary of both the potentially useful properties of these materials and the methods for the identification and characterization of 'unknown' nickel hydroxide-based samples.

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“…The AC layer with the generalized composition [MX 2 ] is found in a very diverse range of materials such as metal sulfides MS 2 (M = Ti, Mo, Nb, Ta), [21,22] metal selenides MSe 2 (M = Mo, Ta), [23] divalent halides MX 2 (M = Ca, Mg, Fe, Co, Ni, Cd), [24,25] metal hydroxides M(OH) 2 (M = Mg, Ni, Co), [26,27] birnessite-type oxides MO 2 (M = Mn), [28,29] lithium oxides LiMO 2 [30,31] and basic salts M(OH) 2-x A x (M = Ni, Co; x = 0.66-0.25; A = Cl, NO 3 ). [32][33][34] We therefore call the AC layer a 'structural synthon', the term "structural" is used to describe the extended nature of the AC layer, as opposed to the sub.-molecular synthon originally proposed by Corey [35] and the supramolecular synthon of Desiraju [36,37] which are entities of finite dimension.…”

Section: Structural Synthon Approach To Predicting the Polytypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Synthon Approach to Predict the Possible Polytypes of Layered Double Hydroxides

Radha

Kamath

2012

Zeitschrift anorg allge chemie

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Abstract. The complete universe of possible polytypes of layered double hydroxides (LDH) is predicted on the basis of symmetry arguments. A single [MX 2 ] (X = OH) layer, also defined as a structural synthon, belongs to the layer group P32/m1. These layers can be stacked in such a way as to conserve the unique 3-axis of the layer in the resultant crystal. The different stacking sequences that facilitate symmetry conservation, yield the different possible polytypes of rhombohedral and hexagonal symmetries. More polytypes can be envisaged by including stacking sequences that systematically destroy the princi-

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Stacking faults in the structure of nickel hydroxide: a rationale of its high electrochemical activity

Cited by 154 publications

References 3 publications

Comparative structural and electrochemical study of high density spherical and non-spherical Ni(OH)2 as cathode materials for Ni–metal hydride batteries

Comparative structural and electrochemical study of high density spherical and non-spherical Ni(OH)2 as cathode materials for Ni–metal hydride batteries

Nickel hydroxides and related materials: a review of their structures, synthesis and properties

Structural Synthon Approach to Predict the Possible Polytypes of Layered Double Hydroxides

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