Stacking Sequence and Geometrical Effects on Low-Velocity Impact Behaviors of GLARE 5 (3/2) Fiber–Metal Laminates

Abstract

Impact responses and damage induced by a drop-weight on GLARE 5 (3/2) fiber-metal laminates (FMLs) with various lay-up configurations were studied experimentally. The effect of specimen geometry was also considered. The damage characteristics were evaluated using both nondestructive ultrasonic and mechanicalsectioning techniques. Only the contour of the entire damage area could be obtained using ultrasonic C-scan, whereas more details of the damage were provided through the mechanical-sectioning technique. The impact properties of FMLs were affected by laminate stacking sequence. The first severe failure induced by low-velocity impact occurred as debonding between aluminum and the adjacent fiber-epoxy layer at the nonimpact side. It was followed by a visible crack in the outer aluminum layer at the nonimpact face. GLARE 5 made of unidirectional fibers had the least impact resistance; followed by cross-ply and angle-ply configurations; while the quasiisotropic lay-up showed the best in resistance to impact. By introducing circular, rather than square, geometry as the outer perimeter of the specimens, the damage patterns as well as impact behaviors changed due to the relative anisotropy of the specimen with respect to the specimen clamping.

Impact resistance of fiber-metal laminates: A review

“…Recently, Seyed Yaghobi et al [93] studied stacking and geometrical effects on low-velocity impact behaviors of Glare5 (3/ 2) FMLs. They showed that Glare5 made of unidirectional fibers has the least impact resistance: followed by cross-ply and angle-ply configurations, while the quasi-isotropic lay-up shows the best in resistance to impact (Fig.…”

Low velocity impact response of fibre-metal laminates – A review

“…The impact response studies on the effect of different stacking sequence were conducted on CARALL [34][35][36][37] and GLARE [38]. Sayed [39] carried out the low velocity impact analysis of various GLARE 5 (3/2) specimens having unidirectional, cross-ply, angle-ply, quasi-isotropic orientations for different impact energy levels and histories of contact force, permanent deflection, minimum cracking energy and strain variations were presented. He concluded that the impact resistance of unidirectional GLARE specimens was found worst followed by cross and angle ply.…”

“…[43] 2011 -Effect of different metal constituents and its thickness on impact response were studied experimentally and validated the obtained data with numerical modeling. [39,67] 2011 -Experimental Study was done on glare 5-3/2 specimens to investigate the effects of different specimen geometry and lay-up sequence towards the low velocity impact response. [68] 2011 -Low velocity impact response of glare FML was investigated at different impact velocity and the nature, shape of the damage were quantified through destructive microphotography and non-destructive ultrasonic techniques.…”

Effect of impact damage on fatigue performance of structures reinforced with GLARE bonded crack retarders

“…In recent years much attention has been paid [7,16,17] to damage tolerance and impact resistance of fibre metal laminates. Bagnoli et al [7] studied the response of aluminium/GLARE hybrid materials to impact and in-plane fatigue.…”