Mannan-binding protein (MBP) is a C-type mammalian lectin specific for mannose and N-acetylglucosamine. MBP is mainly synthesized in the liver and occurs naturally in two forms, serum MBP (S-MBP) and intracellular MBP (I-MBP). S-MBP activates
Mannan-binding protein (MBP),4 also known as mannanbinding lectin, is a Ca 2Ï© -dependent (C-type) mammalian lectin exhibiting primary specificity for mannose, fucose, and N-acetylglucosamine (1). Because its discovery as a vital serum component associated with innate immunity, this lectin has been regarded as a multifunctional protein. MBP occurs naturally in two forms, secretory serum MBP (S-MBP) and intracellular MBP, which is termed I-MBP in this study and was called liver MBP (L-MBP) in our previous studies (2-4). Human S-MBP and I-MBP are mainly synthesized in the liver and translated from a single form of mRNA. Both S-MBP and I-MBP are homooligomers composed of 32-kDa subunits. Each subunit has an NH 2 -terminal region containing cysteines involved in interchain disulfide bond formation, a collagen-like domain containing hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine residues, and a carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) with an amino acid sequence highly homologous to those of other C-type lectins (5). The CRD is specific for high-mannose oligosaccharide structures on exogenous and endogenous ligands, whereas the collagen-like domain is believed to be responsible for interactions with other effector proteins involved in host defense. S-MBP activates complement through interaction with three novel MBP-associated serine proteases, which is called the lectin pathway (6). Furthermore, S-MBP was shown to exhibit novel cytotoxic activity toward some in vivo colorectal carcinoma cell experiments, which we proposed to term MBP-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (4, 7). However, little is known about the subcellular localization and physiological significance of I-MBP. Recently, the functions of glycoprotein glycan chains in protein quality control have been attracting more attention, highmannose-type oligosaccharides especially having been shown to play important roles in this process (8,9). Glycosylation with an asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides is a co-translational process that occurs in the ER. High-mannose-type oligosaccharides, presumably representing nascent core-glycosylated proteins, are subsequently transferred to the Golgi