Stage-dependent depression of melatonin in patients with primary breast cancer. Correlation with prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, and steroid receptors

Bartsch, Christian; Bartsch, H.; Fuchs, U; Lippert, T. H.; Bellmann, O.; Gupta, D.

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19890715)64:2<426::aid-cncr2820640215>3.0.co;2-o

Cited by 94 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Six epidemiologic studies have reported decreased melatonin levels in patients with breast cancer (68)(69)(70)(71)(72)(73), although in each of these studies, melatonin levels were measured after diagnosis, making it uncertain whether the disease itself and/or treatment might have affected melatonin levels among the cases. At least 4 studies have measured urinary melatonin levels in women before their development of breast cancer (74)(75)(76)(77).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Night Shift Work and Hormone Levels in Women

Davis

Mirick

Chen

et al. 2012

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

109

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Background: Night shift work may disrupt the normal nocturnal rise in melatonin, resulting in increased breast cancer risk, possibly through increased reproductive hormone levels. We investigated whether night shift work is associated with decreased levels of urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, the primary metabolite of melatonin, and increased urinary reproductive hormone levels.Methods: Participants were 172 night shift and 151 day shift-working nurses, aged 20-49 years, with regular menstrual cycles. Urine samples were collected throughout work and sleep periods and assayed for 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and estrone conjugate (E1C).Results: 6-Sulfatoxymelatonin levels were 62% lower and FSH and LH were 62% and 58% higher, respectively, in night shift-working women during daytime sleep than in day shift-working women during nighttime sleep (P 0.0001). Nighttime sleep on off-nights was associated with 42% lower 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels among the night shift workers, relative to the day shift workers (P < 0.0001); no significant differences in LH or FSH were observed. 6-Sulfatoxymelatonin levels during night work were approximately 69% lower and FSH and LH were 35% and 38% higher, compared with day shift workers during nighttime sleep. No differences in E1C levels between night and day shift workers were observed. Within night shift workers, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels were lower and reproductive hormone levels were higher during daytime sleep and nighttime work, relative to nighttime sleep (P < 0.05).Conclusions: These results indicate that night shift workers have substantially reduced 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels during night work and daytime sleep and that levels remain low even when a night shift worker sleeps at night.Impact: Shift work could be an important risk factor for many other cancers in addition to breast cancer. MeSH Subject Headings: breast cancer, shift work, circadian rhythm, environmental carcinogens, estrogen, melatonin, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, pineal. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(4); 609-18. Ó2012 AACR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Night Shift Work and Hormone Levels in Women

Davis

Mirick

Chen

et al. 2012

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

109

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“…Moreover, the PRL antagonist G129R was reported to cause apoptosis in breast cancer cells (8, 13). These findings, and the correlation between serum PRL and the incidence and progression of breast tumors (11,12,14), indicate that PRL has a role in human breast cancer. Stromal and adipose tissue are the major sources of estrogen in post-menopausal women, and could exert paracrine control of prolactin and prolactin receptor expression in adjacent mammary epithelial cells.…”

Section: Prolactin (Prl)mentioning

confidence: 93%

A Novel Estradiol/Estrogen Receptor α-dependent Transcriptional Mechanism Controls Expression of the Human Prolactin Receptor

Dong

Tsai‐Morris

Dufau

2006

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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2 -activated transcriptional expression of the hPRLR through PIII. Estradiol produced in breast stroma and adipose tissue, which are major sources of estrogen in post-menopausal women, could up-regulate hPRLR gene expression and stimulate breast tumor growth. Prolactin (PRL),2 a hormone of the lactogen/cytokine family, is produced in the anterior pituitary gland and exerts diverse cellular actions through its transmembrane receptors (PRLR) in several target tissues. Prolactin is a major factor in the proliferation and differentiation of breast epithelium and is the primary hormone in the stimulation and maintenance of lactation. Prolactin is a tumor promoter in rodents (1, 2) and has been implicated in the development of breast cancer. The hPRLR has several forms, including long form (stimulatory) and short form(s) (inhibitory) (3, 4), which are expressed in normal and tumoral breast tissue and in most human breast cancer cells (5-7), and prolactin exhibits synergistic actions with estrogens on the proliferation of these cells (8). There is local production of PRL in mammary epithelial cells, and increased expression of the PRLR long form occurs in a significant number of human mammary tumors (9 -12). A lower ratio of short (inhibitory forms)/long (activating form) receptors reported in breast tumor tissues could cause unopposed prolactin-mediated stimulatory actions of the long form and may contribute to breast tumor development and progression (7). Moreover, the PRL antagonist G129R was reported to cause apoptosis in breast cancer cells (8, 13). These findings, and the correlation between serum PRL and the incidence and progression of breast tumors (11,12,14), indicate that PRL has a role in human breast cancer. Stromal and adipose tissue are the major sources of estrogen in post-menopausal women, and could exert paracrine control of prolactin and prolactin receptor expression in adjacent mammary epithelial cells.Our previous studies on the hPRLR gene revealed its complex 5Ј genomic structure, with multiple (six) alternative non-coding exons 1 and promoter utilization (15,16). These include the preferentially utilized, generic promoter 1/exon-1 (PIII/hE1 3 ), which is also present in rat and mouse, and five human specific exon-1/promoters (hE1 N1-5 ) (15-17). These forms were found to be expressed in breast cancer cells, and variably in other tissues (16). Quantitative competitive reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis showed that E 2 induced increases of PRLR non-coding exon-1 hE1 3 (generic) mRNA transcripts directed by promoter III (hPIII) in breast cancer cells. Also, in transfection studies E 2 activated the hPIII promoter (18). This promoter contains functional Sp1 and C/EBP sites that bind Sp1/Sp3 and C/EBP␤, respectively (16,19). The lack of a formal ERE in the hPIII promoter suggested that the effect of estradiol is mediated through association of the activated ER with relevant DNA binding transfactors. Thus, although there is not a classical ERE within the hPRLR promoter/5Ј-flanking region of hPIII, our ...

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“…The third study found no relationship between melatonin level and breast cancer risk (60); however, a primary concern with that study was the use of a 24-h urine sample to assess melatonin levels, which has several concerns as described by Hrushesky and Blask (61). There is evidence that melatonin levels are decreased in patients with breast cancer, although, in each of these studies, melatonin levels were measured after diagnosis; therefore, it is uncertain whether the disease itself and/or treatment might have affected melatonin levels among the cases (62)(63)(64)(65)(66)(67). Nighttime plasma melatonin levels have been reported to be lower in women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer than in estrogen receptornegative breast cancer, which in turn are lower than in healthy control women, and women with the lowest peak melatonin concentrations had tumors with the highest concentrations of estrogen receptors (66).…”

Section: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(12) December 2008mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nighttime plasma melatonin levels have been reported to be lower in women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer than in estrogen receptornegative breast cancer, which in turn are lower than in healthy control women, and women with the lowest peak melatonin concentrations had tumors with the highest concentrations of estrogen receptors (66). Melatonin levels have also been found to be lower in cases of primary breast cancer than in women with benign breast disease (63,67). Although these findings are consistent with the results of laboratory studies and melatonin levels are in the direction of what might be predicted, it is difficult to assess their biological relevance due to the presence of disease and its possible effect on blood melatonin levels.…”

Section: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(12) December 2008mentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin as a Biomarker of Circadian Dysregulation

Mirick

Davis

2008

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

145

108

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It would be most useful to identify a biomarker of circadian dysregulation that could be used in epidemiologic studies of the effects of circadian disruption in humans. An indicator of circulating melatonin level has been shown to be a good biomarker of circadian dysregulation and has been associated with nightshift work and exposure to light-at-night in both laboratorybased and field studies. Among other circadian markers (such as core body temperature), it remains comparatively robust in the presence of various external influences. It can be reliably measured directly and indirectly through its metabolites in urine, blood, and saliva. Urinary melatonin has been shown to be stable over time, making it useful in epidemiologic studies in which laboratory processing is not immediately available, as well as studies of cancer with long latency periods. Several studies have shown melatonin to be useful in measuring diurnal type, which is of increasing interest as it becomes more apparent that successful adaptation to shift work may be dependent on diurnal preference. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(12):3306 -13)

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Stage-dependent depression of melatonin in patients with primary breast cancer. Correlation with prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, and steroid receptors

Cited by 94 publications

References 18 publications

Night Shift Work and Hormone Levels in Women

Night Shift Work and Hormone Levels in Women

A Novel Estradiol/Estrogen Receptor α-dependent Transcriptional Mechanism Controls Expression of the Human Prolactin Receptor

Melatonin as a Biomarker of Circadian Dysregulation

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