Stage of Cycle, Incidence, and Timing of Ovulation, and Pregnancy Rates in Dairy Cattle after Three Timed Breeding Protocols

Cartmill, J. A.; El-Zarkouny, S. Z.; Hensley, B.A.; Lamb, G. C.; Stevenson, Jeffrey S.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(01)74565-1

Cited by 164 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Therefore, only 82.2% of the cows were synchronised, which agrees with the results of [10,19]. Recently, Cartmill et al [20,21] reported that 83.8% of the cows were cycling in the OVS program, while 5 to 15% of the cows were not cycling at the time of insemination.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Comparison of an oestrus synchronisation protocol with oestradiol benzoate and PGF2α and insemination at detected oestrus to a timed insemination protocol (Ovsynch) on reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows

Alnimer

2005

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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-A total of 226 out of 245 postpartum lactating dairy cows in a commercial dairy farm were allocated to two groups of oestrous synchronisation protocols in order to evaluate reproductive performance. One group was treated with oestradiol benzoate (ODB) and PGF 2α on day 10 of the oestrous cycle with insemination at the detected oestrus, the second group underwent the Ovsynch (OVS) protocol (GnRH + PGF 2α + GnRH) with timed AI. Pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasonography on day 28 after AI and confirmed by rectal palpation on day 45. A higher (P < 0.001) proportion of cows in OVS (100%) were inseminated within (19.2 ± 3.8 h) following the second GnRH injection than those of cows in EPE (ODB + PGF 2α + ODB) (70.6%) inseminated at the detected oestrus within (35.6 ± 5.2 h) following the second ODB injection. Pregnancy rates for the first AI at day 28 (64.0 ± 4.6, 62.4 ± 5.5%) and at day 45 post-insemination (40.4 ± 4.7, 40.0 ± 5.6%) for OVS and EPE cows respectively, did not differ between the two treatments, whereas, the overall pregnancy rates tended to be higher (P < 0.08) for the OVS (85.1 ± 3.8%) cows than the EPE cows (74.1 ± 4.5%). No differences were observed in pregnancy rates for first AI and overall up to fourth AI between primiparous (34.7 ± 5.8 and 85.3 ± 4.7%) and multiparous cows (43.5 ± 4.5 and 77.4 ± 3.6%). Days open for pregnant cows tended to be lower (P < 0.08) for OVS (76.2 ± 3) than for EPE cows (84.7 ± 4), while days open were higher (P < 0.05) in primiparous cows (85.3 ± 4) than in multiparous cows (75.6 ± 3). The results indicate that pregnancy rates for first AI were similar, but overall pregnancy rates up to the fourth AI tended to be higher for OVS than EPE cows, while days open was tended to be lower for OVS than EPE cows. dairy cows / oestrus-synchronisation / GnRH / oestradiol / PG / reproductive performance

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Comparison of an oestrus synchronisation protocol with oestradiol benzoate and PGF2α and insemination at detected oestrus to a timed insemination protocol (Ovsynch) on reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows

Alnimer

2005

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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“…According to Billings and Katz [32], progesterone treatment for as little as 3 days facilitated estrogen-induced receptivity and attractivity of goats during the spring and fall. Corteel et al [13] observed an improved conception rate in anestrous goats treated with CIDR-G and a combination of PGF 2α and eCG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of progesterone priming on reproductive performance of GnRH-PGF2α-treated anestrous goats

2005

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-The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of a 5-day progesterone priming prior to a GnRH-PGF 2α treatment on reproductive performance of anestrous goats. Thirtysix Mountain Black goats were randomly assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement and were administered intravaginally on day -12, either with 300 mg progesterone inserts (CGPE and CGP) or with 0 mg progesterone (GPE and GP) for 5 days. On day -6, the goats were injected with 100 µg GnRH, followed 6 days later by 15 mg PGF 2α (day 0), the time at which the goats in the CGPE and GPE groups were administered 300 IU eCG injections and those in CGP and GP groups were administered the control solution. The goats were exposed to four fertile bucks at 0 h and were checked for breeding marks at 6-h intervals for 72 h. Blood samples were collected from all goats for progesterone analysis. Progesterone concentrations increased only in CGPE and CGP during the period of device insertion but remained low in GPE and GP groups (P < 0.001). Progesterone levels at the time of GnRH injection on day -6 were basal (0.2 ± 0.04 ng·mL -1 ) among the groups and began to increase starting on day -2. Day 0 progesterone concentrations differed (P < 0.05) among groups and were significantly influenced by CIDR-G (P < 0.001). A similar proportion of goats expressed estrus and intervals to detected estrus were shorter (P < 0.05) in the CGPE and GPE groups than in GP with no difference between the CGPE, CGP and GPE or between CGP and GP groups. The number of goats ovulating based upon elevated progesterone levels on day 0 was significantly greater (P = 0.002) in CGPE (9/9) and CGP (9/9) than GPE (6/9) and GP (5/9) groups and was significantly influenced by CIDR-G (P = 0.03). All pregnant goats had elevated progesterone concentration on day 0 and none of the goats with basal progesterone levels became pregnant. Pregnancy and kidding rates, twinning percentage and the number of kids born per goat exposed were greater (P < 0.05) among goats treated with progesterone and eCG. In conclusion, progesterone priming and eCG are essential for producing higher rates of pregnancy and kidding in GnRH-PGF 2α -treated anestrous goats.

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“…In earlier studies, this condition was detected with rectal palpation and was estimated to occur in 6 -19% of dairy cows (Kesler & Garverick 1982, Garverick 1997. In recent studies the incidence of anovulation (detected with either blood samples or ultrasonography) in dairy cattle ranged from 18 to 29% (Cartmill et al 2001, Pursley et al 2001, Gü men et al 2003. Follicular cysts can cause economic loss in dairy operations (Youngquist 1986).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Follicular cysts occur after a normal estradiol-induced GnRH/LH surge if the corpus hemorrhagicum is removed

Gümen

Wiltbank²

2005

Reproduction

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The pathophysiology underlying follicular cysts appears to be lack of an estradiol (E 2 )-induced GnRH/LH surge due to hypothalamic insensitivity to E 2 . In addition, progesterone (P 4 ) can cause animals with follicular cysts to resume normal cyclicity and normal hypothalamic responsiveness to E 2 . We postulated that follicular cysts may be a pathological manifestation of a physiological state that cows, and possibly other species, go through during the normal estrous cycle but the rise in P 4 following ovulation induces them back to normal hypothalamic responsiveness to E 2 . Based on this hypothesis, we expected that removal of the ovary containing the corpus hemorrhagicum would prevent the normal rise in P 4 following ovulation and induce development of follicular cysts. Cows (n 5 24) on day 7 of the estrous cycle were treated with prostaglandin F 2a (PGF 2a ) and time of ovulation was detected by ovarian ultrasonography every 8 h. Immediately following detection of ovulation, cows were randomly but unequally assigned to have the ovary containing the corpus hemorrhagicum removed (TRT; n 5 16) or the ovary opposite to the corpus hemorrhagicum removed (CON; n 5 8). Cows were subsequently evaluated by daily ultrasound and blood sampling to determine follicular dynamics. Ovulation was detected at 93.7 6 4.5 h after PGF 2a injection. All CON cows had a normal estrous cycle length (22.0 6 0.6 days) after ovariectomy (OVX). Half of the TRT cows became anovular (TRT-ANO; n 5 8) after OVX with large anovular follicles developing on the ovary (maximal size, 25.4 6 1.4 mm; range, 20-32 mm). However, eight TRT cows ovulated (TRT-OV; n 5 8) 7.3 6 0.6 days after OVX. Control cows had a normal P 4 rise after ovulation. Removal of the newly formed corpus hemorrhagicum prevented the rise in circulating serum P 4 in TRT-ANO cows throughout the 25-day experimental period. The TRT-OV cows had a delayed increase in circulating P 4 but it was normal in relation to time of ovulation. Serum E 2 concentrations were similar among groups (TRT-OV, TRT-ANO and CON cows) until 7 days after OVX. Serum E 2 concentrations then decreased in TRT-OV and CON cows but remained elevated (> 5 pg/ml) in TRT-ANO cows. Thus, the endogenous increase in circulating E 2 that induces the GnRH/LH surge and estrus is sufficient to induce cows into a physiological state that resembles follicular cysts if it is not followed by increased circulating P 4 . Reproduction (2005) 129 737-745Introduction Follicular cysts have been reported in many mammalian species, including cattle (Roberts 1971, Kesler & Garverick 1982, swine (Heinonen et al. 1998), dogs (Arbeiter 1993, rabbits (Lopez-Bejar et al. 1998), rats (Brawer et al. 1986), mares (McCue & Squires 2002), sheep (Christman et al. 2000), elephants (Brown et al. 1999) and women (Stein & Leventhal 1935). In cattle, this condition is characterized by large (generally $25 mm in diameter) anovular structures that persist on the ovary for at least 10 days in the absence of a corpus luteum (CL) (Roberts 1...

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Stage of Cycle, Incidence, and Timing of Ovulation, and Pregnancy Rates in Dairy Cattle after Three Timed Breeding Protocols

Cited by 164 publications

References 24 publications

Comparison of an oestrus synchronisation protocol with oestradiol benzoate and PGF2α and insemination at detected oestrus to a timed insemination protocol (Ovsynch) on reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows

Comparison of an oestrus synchronisation protocol with oestradiol benzoate and PGF2α and insemination at detected oestrus to a timed insemination protocol (Ovsynch) on reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows

The effects of progesterone priming on reproductive performance of GnRH-PGF2α-treated anestrous goats

Follicular cysts occur after a normal estradiol-induced GnRH/LH surge if the corpus hemorrhagicum is removed

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