Stage-specific gene expression by Sertoli cells

Wright, William W.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-417047-6.00010-7

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…). Surface area of the Sertoli cell plasma membrane is increased dramatically by the extension of these arms, up to 16,000 μm 2 , showing tremendous stage‐dependent variation that involves the translocation of numerous organelles, the expression of hundreds of different classes of proteins for specific functions, and requiring the transport of these proteins to specific regional positions throughout the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium (Parvinen, , ; Ritzen et al ., ; Mather et al ., ; Wright et al ., , ; Parvinen et al ., ; Kaipia et al ., ; Toppari et al ., ; Johnston et al ., ; Hess & Vogl, ; Wright, ). Without an understanding of such complex form, it would have been impossible to comprehend the numerous functional interactions that depend on the Sertoli cell plasmalemma, such as tight junctional complexes that comprise the blood–testis barrier, as well as sperm disengagement (spermiation) and phagocytosis of the residual body of leftover spermatid cytoplasm (Vogl et al ., ; Hess & Vogl, ; Lyon et al ., ).…”

Section: Morphology Of the Sertoli Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Sertoli cell: one hundred fifty years of beauty and plasticity

et al. 2016

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SUMMARY It has been one and a half centuries since Enrico Sertoli published the seminal discovery of the testicular ‘nurse cell’, not only a key cell in the testis, but indeed one of the most amazing cells in the vertebrate body. In this review, we begin by examining the three phases of morphological research that have occurred in the study of Sertoli cells, because microscopic anatomy was essentially the only scientific discipline available for about the first 75 years after the discovery. Biochemistry and molecular biology then changed all of biological sciences, including our understanding of the functions of Sertoli cells. Immunology and stem cell biology were not even topics of science in 1865, but they have now become major issues in our appreciation of Sertoli cell’s role in spermatogenesis. We end with the universal importance and plasticity of function by comparing Sertoli cells in fish, amphibians, and mammals. In these various classes of vertebrates, Sertoli cells have quite different modes of proliferation and epithelial maintenance, cystic vs. tubular formation, yet accomplish essentially the same function but in strikingly different ways.

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Section: Morphology Of the Sertoli Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, no SDF‐1 concentration gradient has been demonstrated yet in the seminiferous epithelium. In addition, because both Sertoli cells and germ cells express CXCR4 (Johnston et al ., ; Wright, ), additional investigations are needed to fully understand this system.…”

Section: Sertoli Cell and The Spermatogonial Stem Cell Nichementioning

confidence: 99%

The Sertoli cell: one hundred fifty years of beauty and plasticity

et al. 2016

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“…We also acknowledge that signals from spermatogenic cells regulate a subset of the genes expressed by Sertoli cells. Thus, some of the aberrations in Sertoli cell gene expression noted herein could be secondary to loss of such regulatory signals [7]. However, we doubt that lack of germ cells is the primary cause of the aberrant gene expression by Sertoli cells in SCO testes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…First, Sertoli cells of all mammalian species fulfill the same essential functions, which are determined in large part by their transcriptomes. Second, the transcriptomes of adult rat Sertoli cells and other testicular cell types are known and thus, rat Sertoli cell signatures transcripts can be identified directly [7, 8]. Third, that rat genes and their human orthologues predominantly encode proteins with the same fundamental functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aberrant gene expression by Sertoli cells in infertile men with Sertoli cell-only syndrome

et al. 2019

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Sertoli cell-only (SCO) syndrome is a severe form of human male infertility seemingly characterized by the lack all spermatogenic cells. However, tubules of some SCO testes contain small patches of active spermatogenesis and thus spermatogonial stem cells. We hypothesized that these stem cells cannot replicate and seed spermatogenesis in barren areas of tubule because as-of-yet unrecognized deficits in Sertoli cell gene expression disable most stem cell niches. Performing the first thorough comparison of the transcriptomes of human testes exhibiting complete spermatogenesis with the transcriptomes of testes with SCO syndrome, we defined transcripts that are both predominantly expressed by Sertoli cells and expressed at aberrant levels in SCO testes. Some of these transcripts encode proteins required for the proper assembly of adherent and gap junctions at sites of contact with other cells, including spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Other transcripts encode GDNF, FGF8 and BMP4, known regulators of mouse SSCs. Thus, most SCO Sertoli cells can neither organize junctions at normal sites of cell-cell contact nor stimulate SSCs with adequate levels of growth factors. We propose that the critical deficits in Sertoli cell gene expression we have identified contribute to the inability of spermatogonial stem cells within small patches of spermatogenesis in some SCO testes to seed spermatogenesis to adjacent areas of tubule that are barren of spermatogenesis. Furthermore, we predict that one or more of these deficits in gene expression are primary causes of human SCO syndrome.

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“…Considerable variations are also observed for the expression of proteins and growth factors, which also change according to the age of development and seasonality (Russell, 1993a,b;Rothbarth et al, 2001;França and Chiarini-Garcia, 2005;Hess and Vogl, 2015;França et al, 2016). Additionally, as the germ cell requirements, interactions and metabolic needs change substantially, high variations are observed on the Sertoli cell cytoplasm extension, the amount of nuclear pores, the presence and translocation of organelles and the protein expression pattern and location across the different phases of spermatogenesis (Toppari et al, 1991;França et al, 1993;Cavicchia et al, 1998;Johnston et al, 2008;Wright, 2015). To illustrate the above-mentioned variation on Sertoli cells characteristics, due to their endocytic activity in the elimination of residual bodies, an increase in the amount of lipid and lysosomes is usually observed in the Sertoli cells cytoplasm after spermiation (Ye et al, 1993;França et al, 1995;Hess and França, 2005).…”

Section: Sertoli Cell Discovery and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sertoli cell: what can we learn from different vertebrate models?

Lara¹,

Costa²,

Figueiredo³

et al. 2019

Anim Reprod

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Besides having medical applications, comparative studies on reproductive biology are very useful, providing, for instance, essential knowledge for basic, conservation and biotechnological research. In order to maintain the reproductive potential and the survival of all vertebrate species, both sperm and steroid production need to occur inside the testis. From the approximately fifty thousand vertebrate species still alive, very few species are already investigated; however, our knowledge regarding Sertoli cell biology is quite good. In this regard, it is already known that since testis differentiation the Sertoli cells are the somatic cells in charge of supporting and orchestrating germ cells during development and full spermatogenesis in adult animals. In the present review, we highlight key aspects related to Sertoli cell biology in vertebrates and show that this key testis somatic cell presents huge and intrinsic plasticity, particularly when cystic (fish and amphibians) and non-cystic (reptiles, birds and mammals) spermatogenesis is compared. In particular, we briefly discuss the main aspects related to Sertoli cells functions, interactions with germ cells, Sertoli cells proliferation and efficiency, as well as those regarding spermatogonial stem cell niche regulation, which are crucial aspects responsible for the magnitude of sperm production. Most importantly, we show that we could greatly benefit from investigations using different vertebrate experimental models, mainly now that there is a big concern regarding the decline in human sperm counts caused by a multitude of factors.

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Stage-specific gene expression by Sertoli cells

Cited by 4 publications

References 107 publications

The Sertoli cell: one hundred fifty years of beauty and plasticity

The Sertoli cell: one hundred fifty years of beauty and plasticity

Aberrant gene expression by Sertoli cells in infertile men with Sertoli cell-only syndrome

The Sertoli cell: what can we learn from different vertebrate models?

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