Stage-Specific Parasitism by a Mutualistic Partner Can Increase the Host Abundance

Nakazawa, Takefumi; Katayama, Noboru

doi:10.3389/fevo.2020.602675

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Both facultative and obligate symbioses can make shifts along the parasite–mutualist continuum that do not involve evolution, often occurring within a generation and driven by ecological change or opportunity (Table 3 ). Abiotic factors such as temperature 169 , resource availability 170 , environmental toxicity 171 and the biotic composition of the surrounding community 119 or host ontogeny 172 , 173 can all affect the distribution of costs and benefits incurred by the host and microbial symbiont. The position on the continuum can also change if the microbial symbiont becomes infected with its own symbionts (for example, phages and mycoviruses) 42 , 122 .…”

Section: Context-dependent Shiftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial evolution and transitions along the parasite–mutualist continuum

2021

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Virtually all plants and animals, including humans, are home to symbiotic microorganisms. Symbiotic interactions can be neutral, harmful or have beneficial effects on the host organism. However, growing evidence suggests that microbial symbionts can evolve rapidly, resulting in drastic transitions along the parasite–mutualist continuum. In this Review, we integrate theoretical and empirical findings to discuss the mechanisms underpinning these evolutionary shifts, as well as the ecological drivers and why some host–microorganism interactions may be stuck at the end of the continuum. In addition to having biomedical consequences, understanding the dynamic life of microorganisms reveals how symbioses can shape an organism’s biology and the entire community, particularly in a changing world.

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Section: Context-dependent Shiftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial evolution and transitions along the parasite–mutualist continuum

2021

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“…We envision three approaches. First, while we have explored the minimum situation where the host has a two life-history stages following previous studies on stage-structured mutualism (Ke and Nakazawa, 2018;Nakazawa, 2020;Nakazawa and Katayama, 2020), it may be more appropriate for some species to consider more than two stages or continuous size structure by employing, for example, integral projection models (Ellner et al, 2016) or partial differential equations (Tuljapurkar and Caswell, 1997). Second, the present pairwise model needs to be extended to include more than two mutualistic partners (Nakazawa et al, in preparation).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ecological model is formulated as follows: where H i and P are the abundances of the juvenile (i = J) or adult (i = A) host and non-structured partner, respectively. The parameter r i is the host's basic maturation (i = J) or reproduction (i = A) rate (Nakazawa, 2020;Nakazawa and Katayama, 2020), which increases by B iP (i = J, A) because of its association with the partner. Meanwhile, the partner has an intrinsic population growth rate r P , which increases by B Pi (i = J, A) because of its association with the juvenile and/or adult host.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another important factor determining the structure of mutualistic relationships is stage structure (including age-and body size-structure; Skelton et al, 2014Skelton et al, , 2016Thomas et al, 2016;Ke and Nakazawa, 2018;Nakazawa, 2020;Nakazawa and Katayama, 2020). The concept of "stage-structured mutualism" is that the nature of pairwise interspecific mutualism changes qualitatively and quantitatively during the ontogenetic development of individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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When to help juveniles, adults, or both: analyzing the evolutionary models of stage-structured mutualism

et al. 2023

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Mutualism is common in nature and is crucial for population dynamics, community structure, and ecosystem functioning. Studies have recently pointed out that life-history stage structure (e.g., juveniles and adults) is a key factor to better understand the ecological consequences of mutualism (termed stage-structured mutualism). Despite the potential importance, little is known about what kinds of stage-structured mutualism can evolve and when it is likely to occur. Here, we theoretically investigated how a mutualistic partner species should allocate efforts of mutualistic associations for different life-history stages of its host species to maximize its fitness. We assessed the partner’s optimal strategy by using a one host–one partner model with the host’s juvenile-adult stage structure. The results showed that different forms of stage-structured mutualism can evolve, such as juvenile-specialized association, adult-specialized association, and inter-stage partner sharing (i.e., the partner associates with both the juvenile and adult stages of the host) depending on the shape of association trade-off, i.e., how much association with one stage is weakened when the partner strengthens its association with the other stage. In general, stage-specialized association (either juvenile-specialized or adult-specialized association) tends to evolve when being associated with that stage is relatively beneficial. Meanwhile, when the association trade-off is weak, inter-stage partner sharing can occur if the mutualistic benefits of juvenile-specific and adult-specific associations are sufficiently large. We also found that when the association trade-off is strong, alternative stable states occur in which either juvenile-specialized or adult-specialized associations evolve depending on the initial trait value. These results suggest that pairwise interspecific mutualism is more complicated than previously thought, implying that we may under-or overestimate the strength of mutualistic interactions when looking at only certain life-history stages. This study provides a conceptual basis for better understanding the mechanisms underlying ontogenetic shifts of mutualistic partners and more complex mutualistic networks mediated by the life-history stages of organisms and their stage-structured interactions.

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How Might Artificial Intelligence Influence Human Evolution?

Brooks

2024

The Quarterly Review of Biology

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Stage-Specific Parasitism by a Mutualistic Partner Can Increase the Host Abundance

Cited by 4 publications

References 75 publications

Microbial evolution and transitions along the parasite–mutualist continuum

Microbial evolution and transitions along the parasite–mutualist continuum

When to help juveniles, adults, or both: analyzing the evolutionary models of stage-structured mutualism

How Might Artificial Intelligence Influence Human Evolution?

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