Staged purification of phosphogypsum using pH-dependent separation process

Chanouri, Hamza; Agayr, Khalid; Mounir, El Mahdi; Benhida, Rachid; Khaless, Khaoula

doi:10.1007/s11356-023-26199-8

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…The growth rate of PG is about 1.7 × 10 8 tons per year, and only 15% of globally produced PG is valorized [3]. By the end of 2020, the global PG solid waste has reached 7 × 10 9 tons, of which China's stockpile is about 8.2 × 10 8 tons and the growth rate is 7 × 10 7 tons per year [4,5]. Most PG is stored or landfilled, occupying large amounts of land and easily polluting the surrounding atmosphere, water, and soil [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impurity Removal and Comprehensive Utilization of Phosphogypsum: A Review

Guan,

Wang,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Materials

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Phosphogypsum (PG), a byproduct during the phosphoric acid production process, also known as the wet process, contains complex and diverse impurities, resulting in low utilization and considerable accumulation. This leads to a massive waste of land resources and a series of environmental pollution problems. Given the current urgent ecological and environmental situation, developing impurity removal processes with low energy consumption and high efficiency, exploring valuable resource recovery, preparing high value-added PG products, and broadening the comprehensive utilization ways of PG are significant strategies to promote the sustainable consumption of PG and sustainable development of the phosphorus chemical industry. This review comprehensively summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of existing PG impurity removal and utilization technologies and probes into the future development direction, which provides references and ideas for subsequent PG research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impurity Removal and Comprehensive Utilization of Phosphogypsum: A Review

Guan,

Wang,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Materials

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“…We compared the proposed sedimentation technique with existing methods to assess its economic viability. Existing methods, as reported by Chen et al and Chanouri et al, involve several steps including drying, grinding, high-speed centrifugation, and the addition of chemical reagents, surfactants, and EDTA. These steps can be cumbersome, energy-intensive when come to widespread usage in industries .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is no need for expensive chemical reagents or high-energy-consuming processes, which significantly reduce the overall cost of the process. The chemical used in our proposal to neutralize phosphogypsum or precipitate phosphate and fluoride ions is CaO or Ca(OH) 2 , much cheaper than other chemical reagents like surfactants used in flotation, or chelating agents like EDTA . They can be substituted by other alkaline industrial waste, such as carbide slag, leading to an even higher cost efficiency.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentation-Based Separation and Purification of Solid Industrial Waste: A Case Study of Phosphogpusym

Hou,

Deng,

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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The continuous accumulation of solid industry waste, such as phosphogypsum, has emerged as a global environmental hazard and a significant obstacle to achieving a green and sustainable industry. To convert this industry waste to reusable resources, the development and implementation of simple and cost-efficient purification techniques is crucial. A sedimentation-based separation approach was developed to achieve this objective. Through a sedimentation process, a suspension of phosphogypsum particles is transformed into three distinct phases: a supernatant liquid, a concentrated slurry, and a solid precipitate. These phases primarily consist of soluble salts, a mixture of oxides and organic matter, and calcium phosphate dihydrates mixed with calcium phosphate, respectively. Through a sedimentation process, calcium sulfate dihydrate concentration can be significantly enhanced from 87.45 to 91.60% and further improved to 95.72% by repeating the sedimentation process three times. The various components obtained from this process can be effectively reused as mineral resources, soil amendment, and industry gypsum. The sedimentation process is expounded upon using both the classical mechanics model and Stokes' law. To foster a seamless industrial application, we have also designed a continuous settling skittle and a trail setup for industrial treatment of phosphogpysum. This innovative technique holds immense promise for its broader application, especially within but not limited to the phosphoric acid industry.

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“…The scope of operation and the range of process conditions of the “dihydrate method” are wider than the WPPA process based on the “dihydrate method” and “dihydrate-hemihydrate method”, and its industrial application is also more extensive. 9–11 Based on incomplete statistics, the capacity ratio of WPPA factories in domestic production using the “dihydrate method” reaches about eighty percent. 12,13 However, it should be emphasized that compared to the WPPA “hemihydrate method” and “dihydrate-hemihydrate method”, the “dihydrate method” process produces phosphogypsum (PG) with a higher impurity content, in which the P 2 O 5 content is about 1.7%, and the water-soluble fluorine reaches 1.12%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%