1998
DOI: 10.1016/s0308-5961(98)00045-7
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Stages of universal service policy

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Cited by 32 publications
(10 citation statements)
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“…The answer to this question varies. In some cases, the goals themselves became obsolete, for instance due to technological advances, as in the case of attaining full geographical coverage in telecommunications (Armstrong 2002; also see Milne 1998).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The answer to this question varies. In some cases, the goals themselves became obsolete, for instance due to technological advances, as in the case of attaining full geographical coverage in telecommunications (Armstrong 2002; also see Milne 1998).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The above argument shows that the definition of universal service is not straightforward and varies between countries (Xavier & Cave, 1995;Milne, 1998). This partly stems from the level of telecommunications penetration and the political will of a given country (Maddens, 2009).…”
Section: Universal Service Policymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This shows that there is an overlap between the views in the literature and those expressed by regulatory bodies across Africa with respect to these principles. Since these may have different meanings, depending on influences like economic conditions, telecommunications penetrations, and political will (Milne, 1998), we adopt the definition of ITU 2013 These three components constitute the underlying principles of a 'good' universal service policy (Oestmann & Dymond, 2008, ITU 2013. Thus, regardless of the different definitions adopted by countries, universal service policies should encapsulate these three principles in order to achieve optimal result in closing mobile coverage gaps.…”
Section: [Tables 1 and 2 About Here]mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There is a wide difference of opinion over the definition of Universal Services. There are various factors such as historic, legal, philosophic and cultural that can help explain such differences in approach (Milne 1998). However, general consensus over the definition of Universal Service includes:…”
Section: Telecommunications Policies and Universal Servicementioning
confidence: 99%