Staining of the Internal Limiting Membrane with the Use of Heavy Brilliant Blue G

Pelayes, David E.; Kuhn, Ferenc; Folgar, Anibal Martín; Takahashi, Walter Yukihiko; Bastien, Andres; Vinicius, P Nascimento; Zárate, Jorge

doi:10.1159/000339845

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…We used the antagonist Brilliant Blue G (BBG), a blood-brain barrier permeable and safe drug that is already employed in clinical practice, for instance during vitreoctomy procedures (Pelayes et al, 2012). Importantly, BBG has previously provided positive results in different models of disease that are characterized by neuroinflammation, such as experimental autoimmune encephalitis (Matute et al, 2007), sciatic nerve injury (Peng et al, 2009) and Huntington’s disease (Diaz-Hernández et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal cord pathology is ameliorated by P2X7 antagonism in SOD1-G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Apolloni¹,

Amadio²,

Parisi

et al. 2014

Disease Models &Amp; Mechanisms

109

115

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In recent years there has been an increasing awareness of the role of P2X7, a receptor for extracellular ATP, in modulating physiopathological mechanisms in the central nervous system. In particular, P2X7 has been shown to be implicated in neuropsychiatry, chronic pain, neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Remarkably, P2X7 has also been shown to be a ‘gene modifier’ in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): the receptor is upregulated in spinal cord microglia in human and rat at advanced stages of the disease; in vitro, activation of P2X7 exacerbates pro-inflammatory responses in microglia that have an ALS phenotype, as well as toxicity towards neuronal cells. Despite this detrimental in vitro role of P2X7, in SOD1-G93A mice lacking P2X7, the clinical onset of ALS was significantly accelerated and disease progression worsened, thus indicating that the receptor might have some beneficial effects, at least at certain stages of disease. In order to clarify this dual action of P2X7 in ALS pathogenesis, in the present work we used the antagonist Brilliant Blue G (BBG), a blood-brain barrier permeable and safe drug that has already been proven to reduce neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, neuropathic pain and experimental autoimmune encephalitis. We tested BBG in the SOD1-G93A ALS mouse model at asymptomatic, pre-symptomatic and late pre-symptomatic phases of disease. BBG at late pre-onset significantly enhanced motor neuron survival and reduced microgliosis in lumbar spinal cord, modulating inflammatory markers such as NF-κB, NADPH oxidase 2, interleukin-1β, interleukin-10 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. This was accompanied by delayed onset and improved general conditions and motor performance, in both male and female mice, although survival appeared unaffected. Our results prove the twofold role of P2X7 in the course of ALS and establish that P2X7 modulation might represent a promising therapeutic strategy by interfering with the neuroinflammatory component of the disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal cord pathology is ameliorated by P2X7 antagonism in SOD1-G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Apolloni¹,

Amadio²,

Parisi

et al. 2014

Disease Models &Amp; Mechanisms

109

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The current options are to increase the dye sedimentation at the posterior pole by adding heavy water (deuterium oxide), [16,17] using 10% dextrose, [18] performing air-fluid exchange, [9] and increasing the dye concentration [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical Management of Macular Hole at 2 Years of Follow-Up

Badaró¹,

Navarro²,

Lima-Sousa³

et al. 2015

J Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Purpose: To determine prognostic factors, anatomic success rate and safety of sutureless pars plana vitrectomy and vitreous base removal associated to internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, C3F8 injection and 1-day facedown postoperative positioning to manage idiopathic macular holes (MHs) at 2 years follow-up.Methods: Forty-six eyes with an idiopathic MH underwent pars plana vitrectomy, ILM peeling after Brilliant Blue 0.05 mg/ml staining, and gas tamponade. Patients remained facedown for 1 day postoperatively. Follow-up included measurement of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) at 1 and 7 days and 1, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. If the MHs were not anatomically closed by 1 month, another procedure was performed.Results: Primary and final anatomical closure rate were 91.3% and 97.8%, respectively. Mean BCVA improvement (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, LogMAR) was 0.34. No late MH reopening occurred, no surgery-related or ocular dye-related complications developed. The BCVA was less likely to improve in MHs with longer symptomatic periods or larger internal diameters. Conclusion:Pars plana vitrectomy combined with vitreous base removal and ILM peeling using Brilliant Blue 0.05% associated to C3F8 injection and 1-day facedown postoperative positioning for idiopathic MHs is a safe surgical approach, achieving a MH closure rate of 91.3% after one procedure and 97.8% after a second one. Long symptoms duration and larger inner MH diameter are associated with poor BCVA.Keywords: Chromovitrectomy; Brilliant Blue; Macular hole; Vital dyes; Vitrectomy Summary StatementSutureless pars plana vitrectomy associated to posterior hyaloid detachment, internal limiting membrane peeling guided by brilliant blue, staining vitreous base removal, C3F8 injection and 1-day facedown postoperative positioning is a safe and effective surgical technique for management of macular holes.

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“…Only in 1 patient was the staining of the ILM insufficient. However, newer formulations of BBG with loaded solvent carriers should further improve the staining qualities of BBG [30,31,32]. In this study only the unloaded formulation of BBG has been used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Functional Outcome after Brilliant Blue G-Assisted Macular Hole Surgery

Lüke

Lüdeke²,

Acksteiner³

et al. 2013

Ophthalmologica

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Purpose of the Study: To investigate the outcome of brilliant blue G (BBG)-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling in macular hole surgery after a follow-up of 6 months. Procedures: In this retrospective study 20 eyes have been treated with BBG-assisted macular hole surgery. After a follow-up of 6 months, the functional and anatomical outcomes have been analyzed. Results: The mean preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.7 logMAR units (mean ± SD 0.66 ± 0.27). After 3 months, the mean BCVA increased not significantly to 0.4 (0.54 ± 0.30), but a significant improvement to 0.2 logMAR units (0.28 ± 0.23) could be detected after 6 months compared to baseline (p < 0.01). Primary macular hole closure after a single surgery was found in 17 of 20 eyes. Conclusion and Message: BBG exhibits sufficient staining qualities and safety profile leading to a significant functional improvement after successful macular hole surgery.

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Staining of the Internal Limiting Membrane with the Use of Heavy Brilliant Blue G

Cited by 7 publications

References 49 publications

Spinal cord pathology is ameliorated by P2X7 antagonism in SOD1-G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Spinal cord pathology is ameliorated by P2X7 antagonism in SOD1-G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Surgical Management of Macular Hole at 2 Years of Follow-Up

Morphological and Functional Outcome after Brilliant Blue G-Assisted Macular Hole Surgery

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