Stainless steel foams made through powder metallurgy route using NH4HCO3 as space holder

Mondal, D.P.; Jain, Hemant; Das, S.; Jha, A. K.

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2015.09.020

Cited by 76 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…This research shed light on the fact that powder compacting and LSC methods can rise the structural integrity of the foams and consequently their mechanical strength at least twice in magnitude when compared with previous studies [14,16,17,24]. Herein, the outstanding porosity percentage and strength of copper foams compared with Mg foams [29][30][31], Steel foams [32,33], Zn-Mg alloy foams [34], Al foams [15], was influenced by several factors: The optimum amount of weight percent of CaCO 3 and desirable decomposition process of this space holder, the relevant compacting pressure and sintering temperature. Figures 9-11 show the cross-sectional FESEM images of the copper foam samples.…”

Section: Determination Of Linear Expansion Relative Density and Pormentioning

confidence: 65%

High porosity micro- and macro-cellular copper foams with semi-open cell microstructure toward its physical and mechanical properties

Saberi

Oveisi

2020

Mater. Res. Express

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Herein, a powder compacting method was developed to fabricate high porosity micro-and macrocellular copper foams using CaCO 3 space holder. The cold compacted precursors were heated at different temperatures under the nitrogen atmosphere. The effects of precursor compaction pressure, space holder content and sintering temperature on cell microstructure, relative density, compressive and physical properties were investigated. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed a uniform distribution of interconnected pores with sizes of pores and channels less than 50 microns formed the semi-open cell structure of the fabricated foams. The evaluation of the foaming agent content, 0 to 20 (wt%), in precursor materials showed relatively large changes in the porosity percentage (27%-50%), with the utilitarian strength (43 MPa) and densification strain (40%) of the copper foams. For specimens having 20 wt% CaCO 3 , tuning the sintering temperature (600°C) and compacting pressure (500 MPa) of precursors tailored superior porosity percent (47%), remarkable compressive stress (501 MPa) and high thermal (43.8 W m −1 .k), and electrical conductivity (0.06×10 8 Ω −1 m −1 ) owing to a desirable foaming process. A massive gas release during the CaCO 3 decomposition and the strengthened cell walls of the copper foams during the sintering resulted in the high porosity and strength of the fabricated foams. The presented fabrication method and our results are the core elements for the development of new high porosity metal foams that can help the development of the future application of copper foams for a long-life anode for lithium-ion batteries, catalysis, and thermal and electrical performances as electronic cooling materials.

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Section: Determination Of Linear Expansion Relative Density and Pormentioning

confidence: 65%

High porosity micro- and macro-cellular copper foams with semi-open cell microstructure toward its physical and mechanical properties

Saberi

Oveisi

2020

Mater. Res. Express

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“…It is clearly observed from these Figures that the stress-strain curves have distinctly three regions (i) linear region i.e., where stress is directly proportional to strain; (ii) plateau region (stress remains almost unchanged with strain ) and (iii) densification strain (stress increases rapidly with slight increase in strain). The stress-strain curve of these Ti 6 Al foams is similar to that of other metal foam [21]. The plateau stress and densification strain of Ti 6 Al foam is determined from these stress strain curves and reported that Table 3 using the methodology as stated elsewhere [9,28].…”

Section: Compressive Deformationmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…The compressive stress strain curves along with data were recorded during testing. All these recorded data are used to plot the graph between compressive stress and compressive strain using standard methodology [9,16,17,21]. The Young modulus, the plastic collapse stress, the plateau stress, the densification strain and the [17], Acrowax [9] and ammonium bicarbonate [16] as space holder to get porosity in the range of 40% to 70%.…”

Section: Compression Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Strain Rate and Relative Density on the Compressive Deformation of Open Cell Ti6Al Alloy Foam through P/M Route

Dp¹,

Ak²,

Diwakar³

2017

J Appl Mech Eng

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Open cell Ti 6 Al alloy foams of varying porosity fractions have been made using ammonium bicarbonate as space holder through powder metallurgy route. In order to provide the sufficient strength in green compacts 2% of wt.% PVA solution was mixed with elemental metal powder and NH 4 (HCO 3 ) particle prior to cold compaction. Green pallets were sintered at three stages at three different temperatures 600°C, 800°C and 1100°C. XRD and EDX analyses confirmed that no residue of space holder remained in the sintered foam samples. The compressive deformation behavior of Ti 6 Al alloy foams with varying relative densities was conducted under different strain rates (0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 s -1 ). The plateau stress, the Young's modulus and the energy absorption of the foam increase with increase in the relative density following power law relationships. But the densification strain decreases with increases in relative density following a linear relationship. The strain rate sensitivity and the strain rate sensitivity parameter of these foams were also examined, and it was found that the strain rate sensitivity parameters were varying in the range 0.034 to 0.078.

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“…As recently reviewed, [9] routes for creating porous metals in the solid state may take a variety of forms, including gas entrapment, [10][11][12][13][14] fugitive templating, [15][16][17][18][19] powder injection molding, [20][21][22] and powder or hollow sphere sintering. [23][24][25][26][27] Despite the diverse possibilities in solid state foaming, Ni has been primarily produced through vapor-phase deposition on a polymer template, as described by Paserin et al [28][29][30] Developed and sold under the name INCO-FOAM 1 , the process is capable of large-scale output using a reel-to-reel setup that produces metallic foam sheets 1 m wide and 2000 m long.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid State Foaming of Nickel, Monel, and Copper by the Reduction and Expansion of NiO and CuO Dispersions

et al. 2018

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Nickel and its alloys are useful in a range of applications, and nickel foams have increased in popularity for functional applications, such as electrodes. Despite their versatility and interest for burgeoning technologies, there is only one well-developed method for producing porous nickel commercially. This work introduces a simple method for creating porosity in nickel and Monel (70% Ni, 30% Cu) that results in sub-micron to micron-scale pores and grains. This is accomplished by creating oxide dispersions in the metallic matrix and then reducing those oxides at elevated temperature to form pores. It is found that nickel and Monel reach maximum porosity at 800 C withMonel reaching a higher overall porosity (33% vs. 25% for Ni), whereas Cu exhibited 40% porosity under the same conditions. Varied matrix and oxide pairings are examined microstructurally, and the effects of matrix strength, oxide chemistry, and other factors are considered to determine factors in pore development. Uniquely, this method produces pores within individual metallic particles, so this porosity can be added to other powder methods of solid state foaming to enhance the performance in functional applications.

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Stainless steel foams made through powder metallurgy route using NH4HCO3 as space holder

Cited by 76 publications

References 49 publications

High porosity micro- and macro-cellular copper foams with semi-open cell microstructure toward its physical and mechanical properties

High porosity micro- and macro-cellular copper foams with semi-open cell microstructure toward its physical and mechanical properties

Effect of Strain Rate and Relative Density on the Compressive Deformation of Open Cell Ti6Al Alloy Foam through P/M Route

Solid State Foaming of Nickel, Monel, and Copper by the Reduction and Expansion of NiO and CuO Dispersions

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