Stainless Steele and heavy metal health

Milne, J.M.; Bateman, Peter

doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.2009.572

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The pilot study helped to develop the script for the telephone dialogue so that the questioning of the families was kept as standard as possible for each telephone interview. Indeed, the principal investigator (MTH) in a previous RCT in this patient group noted that the personal engagement through frequent contact with study researchers might have had an adverse influence on the study outcome [28]. It is for this reason that the blinded researcher (RA) will not be introduced to the families and will collect mainly observational data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving access to preparatory information for children undergoing general anaesthesia for tooth extraction and their families: study protocol for a Phase III randomized controlled trial

Hosey

Donaldson

Huntington

et al. 2014

Trials

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BackgroundChildren can find anaesthesia induction especially distressing and postoperative psychological and physical morbidity are common. Preparation programmes for general anaesthesia (GA) are highly effective in reducing this distress. A Phase II study has already verified the effectiveness of a prototype preoperative GA-coping computer game to help children cope with induction in a dental GA setting. The biggest patient users of pediatric GA services in the UK are children who need to have teeth removed (estimated to be 100,000 yearly). Tooth decay is the most common disease in children worldwide. This study is a Phase III randomized controlled trial (RCT) and will evaluate the effectiveness of the new internet version of this game.Methods/designThe Phase III RCT will use a double-blind three-armed design. The clinical trial will recruit up to 210 children and will compare the web-based game against standard care and another non-medical game. At least 53 patients in each group will be required for 90% statistical power. Distress will be assessed through an evaluation of the child’s behaviour during the visit and later parental reports of physical and psychological morbidity. The satisfaction of parents and children will be measured; the mode of usage of the web-based game will be automatically recorded and the impact on the service (for example, recovery time and throughput) will be reported.The Phase III study primary outcome will measure: (1) patient experience: acceptance of anaesthetic induction, child cooperation and distress, reduction of peri- and postoperative morbidity, child and family satisfaction, and (2) service improvement: anaesthetic time and improvement in throughput. Measures will be administered at baseline, at the time of the GA treatment visit, and at 48 hours and one week postoperatively.DiscussionThis study aims to determine the effectiveness of an online GA-coping game for children and families undergoing tooth extraction under GA.Trial registrationISRCTN18265148 (registered 24 November 2013).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, our previous work has shown that up to 30% of children referred for dental GA might have undergone a GA previously [13,28], and we expect a further 20% will refuse to participate due to concerns about filming, so we anticipate that we may have to approach as many as 300 potential recruits to achieve our target of 210 children.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving access to preparatory information for children undergoing general anaesthesia for tooth extraction and their families: study protocol for a Phase III randomized controlled trial

Hosey

Donaldson

Huntington

et al. 2014

Trials

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“…Some studies have used home visits to achieve this and have also reported high retention rates. One such study reported a 87.5% retention rate at the 48 h home visit [ 56 ] while another reported a 96.1% retention rate at a 48 h home visit [ 57 ]. Although arrangements for home visits are likely to be more difficult, particularly in socially deprived neighbourhoods, they do seem to result in high rates of retention.…”

Section: Lessons Learned Concerning Retention Of Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons learned on recruitment and retention in hard-to-reach families in a phase III randomised controlled trial of preparatory information for children undergoing general anaesthesia

et al. 2017

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BackgroundRecruitment and retention are documented as two of the most difficult elements of conducting clinical trials. These issues are even more challenging in paediatric trials, particularly when the families being recruited and retained are deemed ‘hard to reach’.MethodsThrough the authors’ own reflection on the conduct of the trial this paper examines recruitment and retention with hard to reach families from the perspective of a recently completed clinical trial on preparatory information for children undergoing general anaesthesia for tooth extractions in which approximately 83% of those approached and eligible agreed to participate.ResultsThe lessons learned for recruitment include: the importance of children’s assent; maximising limited resources when screening and approaching potential participants; valuing families’ time; and developing effective professional relationships. The retention rate was 83-85.5% at follow up time points up to 3.5 weeks following recruitment, insights into how this was accomplished include: ensuring continuity of care; determination to connect via telephone; valuing families’ time; and close monitoring of appointment date changes.ConclusionsImplications for future paediatric trials with hard to reach families are discussed.Trial registration ISRCTN18265148; NIHR Portfolio 10,006. Date of Registration: 29 November 2013. The trial was registered after commencement but before completion of data collection.

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Craniofacial growth changes and dental attrition in the primary dentition

Isidro

Ōno

Takagi

2012

Pediatric Dental Journal

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Presence of pronounced incisal and occlusal wear in primary dentition is fairly common in children. Several factors are implied, however, the possible correlation of craniofacial growth to the occurrence of severe incisal tooth wear in children has not been described to date. Thus, this study was aimed to find any association between the craniofacial growth changes and the occurrence of severe incisal wear in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven sets of series of dental casts and corresponding lateral cephalograms are selected from the archive of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital. Samples were divided into two groups based on the extent of incisal wear observed on the primary maxillary anterior teeth: slight attrition (N=13) and severe attrition (n=14) groups. Lateral cephalograms at early deciduous dentition at T1 (3.5 ±0.6 years old) and late deciduous dentition at T2 (6.2±0.6 years old) were manually traced and 17 linear and 22 angular measurements were measured with analyzing software (WinCeph ver.9). Annual growth rate for each sample was calculated to determine any significant difference between samples from two groups. RESULTS: Significant horizontal growth of the mandible with both the reduction of anterior tooth height and increase of posterior tooth height were found in the severe attrition group. Reduction of upper incisor angle to FH plane and upper dental arch length were also related with the attrition of teeth. CONCLUSIONS: The incisal tooth wear of deciduous teeth was significantly associated with the craniofacial growth changes. number of children are reported to be wear free 3). Tooth wear in adult dentition is regarded as a multi-factorial condition 4). No single factor was considered to explain the cause. Some authors correlate its occurrence to the existence of other factors such as age 5,6) , diet 3) , occlusal characteristics 5-7) , and bruxism 5,8,9). A number of studies were dedicated to elucidate each of the possible factors associated with incisal tooth wear involving the primary teeth 3,5-9). Although there are few literatures that correlate craniofacial morphological findings to the occurrence of occlusal tooth wear in adults, no studies on younger subjects had been established to date. Thus, the authors of the present study aimed to investigate the relationship

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Stainless Steele and heavy metal health

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Improving access to preparatory information for children undergoing general anaesthesia for tooth extraction and their families: study protocol for a Phase III randomized controlled trial

Improving access to preparatory information for children undergoing general anaesthesia for tooth extraction and their families: study protocol for a Phase III randomized controlled trial

Lessons learned on recruitment and retention in hard-to-reach families in a phase III randomised controlled trial of preparatory information for children undergoing general anaesthesia

Craniofacial growth changes and dental attrition in the primary dentition

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