Stair Evacuation Simulation Based on Cellular Automata Model Considering Social Forces

Ding, Ning; Chen, Tao; Zhang, Hui; Luh, Peter B.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-10629-8_17

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Especially, because the space in a CA model is discrete and the same as that in a staircase, it is also used to simulate the pedestrian flow in stairs or escalators. [21,31,32] This improved CA model is based on the one considering evacuee's walk preferences of Ding et al [33,34] The cell size in the landing is 0.5 m×0.5 m and that in the steps is 0.5 m×0.28 m. From the experiment video data, it is found that there is one or two evacuees' lines in the step because the number of evacuees is not so large, which means that the extra 20-cm step width has no influence on the model. That is to say, the 1.2-m width step can be replaced with 2 cells.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Analyzing floor-stair merging flow based on experiments and simulation*

Zhu¹,

Chen²,

Ding³

et al. 2020

Chinese Phys. B

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In most situations, staircase is the only egress to evacuate from high-rise buildings. The merging flow on the stair landing has a great influence on the evacuation efficiency. In this paper, we develop an improved cellular automaton model to describe the merging behavior, and the model is validated by a series of real experiments. It is found that the flow rate of simulation results is similar to the drills, which means that the improved model is reasonable and can be used to describe the merging behavior on stairs. Furthermore, some scenarios with different door locations and building floor numbers are simulated by the model. The results show that (i) the best door location is next to the upward staircase; (ii) the total evacuation time and the building floor number are linearly related to each other; (iii) the pedestrians on upper floors have a negative influence on the evacuation flow rate.

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Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Ding's model [34] evacuees' desiring to keep distance with others is introduced and the neighborhood around a pedestrian with two situations is defined. In this experiment, some new characteristics are found.…”

Section: Walk Preferencementioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing floor-stair merging flow based on experiments and simulation*

Zhu¹,

Chen²,

Ding³

et al. 2020

Chinese Phys. B

Self Cite

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“…Chen et al ( 28 ) studied the route choice behavior of evacuees based on the preferential direction of pedestrians. In recent years, to quantify the effects of the evacuation environment, CA-based models were developed by taking social force into account ( 29 ).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Cellular Automata Approach for Spatial Evacuation Simulation on Metro Platforms with Smoke Spreading

Zhou

et al. 2019

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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To simulate pedestrian evacuation processes on a metro station platform in a case of fire, a specific evacuation model is proposed, using an integrated cellular automata (CA) approach, in which the impacts from exits, other evacuees, and fire and smoke are included to measure the probability of the evacuee getting to each neighboring cell. The evacuation is firstly identified as a two-stage process including the motion on the platform and on the treads. Then the evacuation space is drawn to be a three-dimensional grid space, in which the cell size is defined by the stair structure and human body size. Based on that, this study proposes two CA models to simulate the evacuees’ movement and the smoke diffusion separately. Moreover, to describe the evacuation process in detail, the evacuation model is modified in three ways. First, transition rules in the evacuees’ movement model are embedded by social force theory to measure the impacts from the environment. Second, the smoke diffusion process is modified by considering the smoke control measures on the metro platform. Third, impact from smoke is quantified by the proportion of smoke in the centroid cell of evacuees. Finally, results from simulation experiments show that this model is able to recognize the arching and stagnation phenomenon at the foot of staircases, and the relations between the evacuation time and the crowd density for different parameters are also analyzed. The proposed method of simulating the pedestrian evacuation process can be useful in providing guiding principles for the software design of evacuation in metro systems.

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“…The studies on pedestrian movements can be categorized as microscopic and macroscopic models [ 4 ]. Microscopic models include agent-based [ 8 ], cellular based [ 9 ], and lattice gas model based [ 10 ] simulation models. Queuing theory based models can be viewed as macroscopic models[ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An M/M/c/K State-Dependent Model for Pedestrian Flow Control and Design of Facilities

et al. 2015

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Pedestrian overflow causes queuing delay and in turn, is controlled by the capacity of a facility. Flow control or blocking control takes action to avoid queues from building up to extreme values. Thus, in this paper, the problem of pedestrian flow control in open outdoor walking facilities in equilibrium condition is investigated using M/M/c/K queuing models. State dependent service rate based on speed and density relationship is utilized. The effective rate of the Poisson arrival process to the facility is determined so as there is no overflow of pedestrians. In addition, the use of the state dependent queuing models to the design of the facilities and the effect of pedestrian personal capacity on the design and the traffic congestion are discussed. The study does not validate the sustainability of adaptation of Western design codes for the pedestrian facilities in the countries like Bangladesh.

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Stair Evacuation Simulation Based on Cellular Automata Model Considering Social Forces

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Analyzing floor-stair merging flow based on experiments and simulation*

Analyzing floor-stair merging flow based on experiments and simulation*

An Integrated Cellular Automata Approach for Spatial Evacuation Simulation on Metro Platforms with Smoke Spreading

An M/M/c/K State-Dependent Model for Pedestrian Flow Control and Design of Facilities

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