Major infrastructure projects are undertaken by an agency or organization to provide public services such as transportation, utilities, waste collection, recreation, or other amenities. These projects are typically funded by public agencies or organizations and are highly scrutinized for cost, schedule, and performance. Additionally, due to the magnitude of these projects, construction and operational impacts can be lengthy and diffuse, resulting in environmental impacts that must be addressed. Early consideration of habitat restoration measures as part of a project has the potential to offset environmental impacts caused by the project and provide other incentives for project proponents to consider, as explored in this study.Three case study projects in Washington State were used to explore the incentives for incorporating habitat restoration at the onset of a major infrastructure project. Washington was selected due to its unique regulatory environment and because it provided a consistent platform for detecting trends over a range of infrastructure projects types. The case study projects include the Elliott Bay Seawall Project, the State Route (SR) 520 Bridge Replacement and High-occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Program, and the Yakima River Basin Integrated Water Resource Management Plan.This study utilized existing environmental documentation for the case study projects, interviews, and literature review. Interviews included 14 case study participants from different backgrounds using semi-structured interviews. These case study projects, and the supplemental literature review, showed that early consideration of habitat restoration measures as part of a project can help to increase public support, streamline regulatory review, save money, and provide opportunities for innovation.Public support is a critical component of major infrastructure projects due to their reliance on public funding for construction. However, this process can be lengthy and unpredictable. Early consideration of habitat restoration measures can increase agency and public acceptability of a project and potentially reduce costs that would result from opposition or delays. The Yakima River Basin Integrated Water Resource Management Plan was a successful effort to garner public and stakeholder support for water management efforts in the Yakima River Basin. Early in the program, a work group was formed to prioritize public support, bringing in constituents that represented a range of public interests. The program provided a balanced approach to water management and habitat restoration that catered to needs of multiple parties and provided the necessary public acceptance to get the program approved and secure initial funding.The permitting process for major infrastructure projects can also be lengthy and unpredictable. Determining habitat restoration options early in the design process in coordination with regulatory agencies can help with agency and public acceptance and streamline the permitting process. For the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and HOV Prog...