“…In this way, it was possible to confirm the framework's theoretical validity and to identify a scale of dimensional development that could allow a qualitative evaluation of the effectiveness of empowerment in moderating the vulnerabilities of the coffee supply chain. By developing the framework, the authors seek to advance the academic debate on value co-creation involving low-power stakeholders, which seems to be in need of further development of qualitative evaluation methods for value co-creation [9,15,17,19,27,28,33]. Second, the author conceptualized a direct link between empowerment, value co-creation and supply chain resilience [1,3,7,8,10,14].…”