Stalking victims' decisions to access victim services: A social ecological approach

Brady, Patrick Q.

doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2023.102085

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…yet, the findings have been mixed when examining help-seeking behaviors for specific decisions among victims of certain crimes. For example, while some studies have found that older stalking victims were more likely to access victim services and/or obtain a protection order (Brady, 2023;Brewster, 2001), others revealed null results regarding the influence of age, disability, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation on stalking victims' decision to contact police (Brady, 2023;Brewster, 2001;Fissel, 2021;Ménard & Cox, 2016;Reyns & Englebrecht, 2014).…”

Section: Fct and Criminal-legal Decision-makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to perceptions of blameworthiness and the need to protect the community, victims also consider a range of practical constraints related to the availability and accessibility of resources in their community (Brady, 2023). Indeed, accessing civil/criminal-legal systems does not occur in isolation, and decisions to engage in formal help-seeking are shaped through experiences with other sources of support (Greenberg & Ruback, 1992).…”

Section: Fct and Criminal-legal Decision-makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, accessing civil/criminal-legal systems does not occur in isolation, and decisions to engage in formal help-seeking are shaped through experiences with other sources of support (Greenberg & Ruback, 1992). For example, among stalking victims who contacted the police, 58% had also enlisted help from family and friends, while 1 in 4 had also accessed victim services (23%) and applied for protection orders (24%) in the same 12 months (Brady, 2023). Using data from the 2016 National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), Brady (2023) found that stalking victims who were attending school, had disclosed their experience to friends and family, and/or had reported the stalker to police in the past 12 months were more likely to access victim services in the same time frame.…”

Section: Fct and Criminal-legal Decision-makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Still, research is needed to better understand the circumstances under which victims decide to invoke civil and/or criminal justice systems (hereafter, criminal-legal systems). Victim decision-making has become a key research focus within the field of victimology, with studies addressing decisions related to self-protection (Nobles et al, 2014), disclosing to others (Reyns & Englebrecht, 2014), accessing victim services (Brady, 2023), and reporting crimes to the police (Brady et al, 2023; Fisher et al, 2003; Jordan et al, 2007; McCart et al, 2010; Xie & Baumer, 2019). To date, however, less is known about crime victims’ decisions to seek civil recourses, such as obtaining protective/restraining orders.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Focal Concerns of Stalking Victims: Examining Victims’ Decisions to Engage Civil and Criminal Legal Systems

Brady,

Reyns

2024

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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Few studies have explored the focal concerns theory as a framework for understanding crime victims’ decisions to adopt civil/criminal interventions. Using data from the 2019 National Crime Victimization Survey, the current study finds support for the theory, highlighting several factors influencing formal help-seeking decisions aligned with factors legal actors also consider in arrest and charging decisions. Indeed, stalking victims were more likely to apply for protection orders and/or contact the police after experiencing a repeated course of unwanted conduct (e.g., blameworthiness) by intimate partners (e.g., community protection) that caused victims to fear for themselves or others (e.g., community protection) and/or to access victim services (e.g., practical constraints). In addition, most victims believed they were targeted by stalkers who felt entitled, desired power and control, or felt rejected. The findings suggest implications for improving civil and criminal-legal responses to stalking complaints by outlining areas to probe during interviews for further corroboration.

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Section: Fct and Criminal-legal Decision-makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fct and Criminal-legal Decision-makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fct and Criminal-legal Decision-makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Focal Concerns of Stalking Victims: Examining Victims’ Decisions to Engage Civil and Criminal Legal Systems

Brady,

Reyns

2024

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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“…For example, Liang et al's (2005) cognitive theory, which they utilized in the context of domestic violence help-seeking, emphasizes individual, interpersonal, and sociocultural influences on decision-making. Similarly, the focal concerns theory and criminal justice actor decisionmaking frameworks of Steffensmeier et al (1998) and Gottfredson and Gottfredson (1990), respectively, were successfully utilized to better understand the decision-making in stalking cases (e.g., Brady 2023;.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reporting and Help-Seeking among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Victims of Stalking

et al. 2023

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Given the disproportionately higher rates of stalking among sexual minority individuals, the present study aimed to explore factors that influence these victims’ help-seeking behaviors. Employing data from the United States’ 2019 National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) Supplemental Victimization Survey (SVS), this study explores various demographic and psychological factors impacting help-seeking among sexual minority and heterosexual victims. Results indicate that sexual minority individuals are significantly more likely to seek help than heterosexual victims of stalking. Further exploration through logistic regression, limited to the sexual minority group, shows significant associations between help-seeking and age, sex, and emotional distress from stalking, but not race. Indicating that younger respondents, female respondents, and those experiencing an emotional impact are more likely to seek help for stalking victimization among sexual minority victims. These findings emphasize the importance of sexual orientation in understanding help-seeking behaviors among stalking victims, suggesting a need for more tailored support services for the sexual minority community.

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Help-Seeking from Victim Services, Personal Networks, and Reporting to Police: Stalking Victim Behaviors from the 2019 NCVS Supplemental Victimization Survey

Wengloski,

Cleary

2024

J Interpers Violence

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Understanding the predictors of stalking victimization, help-seeking behaviors of stalking victims, and their reporting to police can help law enforcement and advocates improve systems and ensure they are accessible and useful to victims. Existing stalking research focuses heavily on campus-based stalking, non-nationally representative populations, and/or dated data collection methods, such as the 2006 National Crime Victimization Survey, Supplemental Victimization Survey (NCVS-SVS), an instrument that has been updated according to current stalking definitions. This study employs the latest 2019 NCVS-SVS to analyze its new stalking screening questions and additional variables. We identified predictors of (a) stalking victimization, (b) help-seeking from victim-serving agencies, (c) help-seeking from personal networks, and (d) reporting to police. Predictors of stalking victimization included younger age, identifying as female, identifying as not heterosexual, household incomes below $50,000, and any college attendance. Victims who knew their offenders (intimate or non-intimate) were more likely than victims of stranger stalking to seek help from victim-serving agencies and personal networks. Younger victims were more likely to seek help from personal networks. None of the variables we examined predicted reporting to police. This study shows the characteristics of stalking victims have stayed consistent over time but highlights an ongoing need for resources for victims of stranger stalking, who may not know about or be able to access stalking services that are offered by intimate partner violence agencies. Future research around stalking victim characteristics should focus on populations that are newly included in national stalking data, such as those who identify as transgender and sexual identity minorities.

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Stalking victims' decisions to access victim services: A social ecological approach

Cited by 3 publications

References 63 publications

The Focal Concerns of Stalking Victims: Examining Victims’ Decisions to Engage Civil and Criminal Legal Systems

The Focal Concerns of Stalking Victims: Examining Victims’ Decisions to Engage Civil and Criminal Legal Systems

Reporting and Help-Seeking among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Victims of Stalking

Help-Seeking from Victim Services, Personal Networks, and Reporting to Police: Stalking Victim Behaviors from the 2019 NCVS Supplemental Victimization Survey

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