Staminal hairs enhance fecundity in the pollen-rewarding self-incompatible lily<i>B</i><i>ulbine abyssinica</i>

Duffy, Karl J.; Johnson, Steven D.

doi:10.1111/boj.12252

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…However, black, white, and other coloured nectar guides that do not imitate stamens or pollen might have similar effects on the reduction of handling time (Dinkel and Lunau 2001;Leonard and Papaj 2011). These behavioural studies have resulted in a broad acceptance of floral guides being pollen and stamen imitations and acting as signalling structures of flowers (Dafni andGiurfa 1998, 1999;Dafni and Kevan 1996;Duffy and Johnson 2015).…”

Section: And Klaus Lunaumentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen and stamen mimicry: the alpine flora as a case study

Lunau

Konzmann

Winter

et al. 2017

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

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Many melittophilous flowers display yellow and UV-absorbing floral guides that resemble the most common colour of pollen and anthers. The yellow coloured anthers and pollen and the similarly coloured flower guides are described as key features of a pollen and stamen mimicry system. In this study, we investigated the entire angiosperm flora of the Alps with regard to visually displayed pollen and floral guides. All species were checked for the presence of pollen-and stamen-imitating structures using colour photographs. Most flowering plants of the Alps display yellow pollen and at least 28% of the species display pollen-or stamen-imitating structures. The most frequent types of pollen and stamen imitations were (mostly yellow and UV-absorbing) colour patches on petals (65% of species displaying imitations), patterns of inflorescences (18%), stamen-like pistils (10%), and staminodes (6%), as well as three-dimensional structures such as convex lower lips and filamental hairs (\5%). Dichogamous and diclinous species display pollen-and stamen-imitating structures more often than non-dichogamous and non-diclinous species, respectively. The visual similarity between the androecium and other floral organs is attributed to mimicry, i.e. deception caused by the flower visitor's inability to discriminate between model and mimic, sensory exploitation, and signal standardisation among floral morphs, flowering phases, and co-flowering species. We critically discuss deviant pollen and stamen mimicry concepts and evaluate the frequent evolution of pollen-imitating structures in view of the conflicting use of pollen for pollination in flowering plants and provision of pollen for offspring in bees.

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Section: And Klaus Lunaumentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen and stamen mimicry: the alpine flora as a case study

Lunau

Konzmann

Winter

et al. 2017

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

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“…Bees react to yellow UV-absorbing areas in natural or artificial flowers and prefer those over flowers presenting no such signals ( Papiorek et al, 2016 ; Telles et al, 2020 ). The presence of these yellow signals can potentially increase plant fitness, by inducing visits ( Lunau, 2006 ; Duffy and Johnson, 2015 ; Lunau et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrafloral Color Modularity in a Bee-Pollinated Orchid

et al. 2020

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Flower color has been studied in different ecological levels of organization, from individuals to communities. However, it is unclear how color is structured at the intrafloral level. In bee-pollinated flowers, the unidirectional gradient in color purity and pollen mimicry are two common processes to explain intrafloral color patterns. Considering that floral traits are often integrated, usually reflecting evolutionary modules under pollinator-mediated selection, we hypothesize that such intrafloral color patterns are structured by intrafloral color modules as perceived by bee color vision system. Here, we studied the tropical bee-pollinated orchid Cattleya walkeriana , given its intrafloral color complexity and variation among individuals. Considering bee color vision, we investigated if intrafloral color modules arose among intrafloral patches (tip or base of the sepals, petals, and labellum). We expected a separate color module between the labellum patches (the main attractive structure in orchids) and petals and sepals. We measured the color reflectance and calculated the photoreceptor excitation, spectral purity, hue, and the chromatic contrast of the floral structures in the hexagon color model. Spectral purity (saturation) was higher in the labellum tip in comparison to petals and sepals, generating a unidirectional gradient. Labellum base presented a less saturated yellow UV-absorbing color, which may reflect a pollen mimicry strategy. C. walkeriana presented three intrafloral color modules corresponding to the color of petals and sepals, the color of the labellum tip, and the color of labellum base. These color modules were unrelated to the development of floral structures. Given the importance of intrafloral color patterns in bee attraction and guidance, our results suggest that intrafloral patterns could be the outcome of evolutionary color modularization under pollinator-mediated selection.

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“…Stamen mimicry is a widespread and well described phenomenon [ 41 , 11 , 12 ]; the consequences of stamen mimicry on flower architecture and colour pattern have only rarely been studied [ 6 , 42 , 9 ]. Since flower-visiting bees target at stamens and stamen-mimicking signals of flowers [ 43 ] the flowers can facilitate the immediate pollen deposit on the stigma, if the stigma is mimicking visual and structural cues of stamens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flowers are signalling apparatuses that attract pollinators and repel antagonists by means of their combination of visual, olfactory, gustatory and tactile/mechanical signals [ 1 , 2 ]. The overall flower colour is thought to be a main attractant at long distances [ 3 ], whereas floral guides, sometimes referred to as nectar guides or honey guides, guide approaching flower visitors at close range [ 4 – 9 ]. Most floral guides are yellow-coloured, absorb ultraviolet light, and in this way mimic the colour of pollen and anthers [ 10 – 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Matter of Contrast: Yellow Flower Colour Constrains Style Length in Crocus species

et al. 2016

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Most flowers display distinct colour patterns comprising two different areas. The peripheral large-area component of floral colour patterns attracts flower visitors from some distance and the central small-area component guides flower visitors towards landing sites. Whereas the peripheral colour is largely variable among species, the central colour, produced mostly by anthers and pollen or pollen mimicking floral guides, is predominantly yellow and UV-absorbing. This holds also for yellow flowers that regularly display a UV bull’s eye pattern. Here we show that yellow-flowering Crocus species are a noticeable exception, since yellow-flowering Crocus species–being entirely UV-absorbing–exhibit low colour contrast between yellow reproductive organs and yellow tepals. The elongated yellow or orange-yellow style of Crocus flowers is a stamen-mimicking structure promoting cross-pollination by facilitating flower visitors’ contact with the apical stigma before the flower visitors are touching the anthers. Since Crocus species possess either yellow, violet or white tepals, the colour contrast between the stamen-mimicking style and the tepals varies among species. In this study comprising 106 Crocus species, it was tested whether the style length of Crocus flowers is dependent on the corolla colour. The results show that members of the genus Crocus with yellow tepals have evolved independently up to twelve times in the genus Crocus and that yellow-flowering Crocus species possess shorter styles as compared to violet- and white-flowering ones. The manipulation of flower visitors by anther-mimicking elongated styles in Crocus flowers is discussed.

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Staminal hairs enhance fecundity in the pollen-rewarding self-incompatible lilyBulbine abyssinica

Cited by 14 publications

References 45 publications

Pollen and stamen mimicry: the alpine flora as a case study

Pollen and stamen mimicry: the alpine flora as a case study

Intrafloral Color Modularity in a Bee-Pollinated Orchid

A Matter of Contrast: Yellow Flower Colour Constrains Style Length in Crocus species

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