“…Therefore, in line with the suggested engineering estimate approach for the potential future CBAs and the overall activity-based, bottom-up, modular system design, the risk assessment concentrates on the lower technical level (e.g., selecting industrially-robust components, having multiple interaction possibilities with the vessel, having onboard safety stops). Consequently, the I-SCC and its induced experimental data can nurture the just-mentioned risk and safety analyses, for which the systems-theoretic accident modelling and processes (STAMP) [35,66] seems to be a good future methodology as it reviews the entire socio-technical system [35,67,68], which will be of paramount importance given the envisaged human-machine interactions. Finally, note that the Flemish waterway administrator continuously defines, monitors, and optimises a legal framework for testing and demonstration purposes with USVs, generating mutually beneficial discussions regarding USV safety and regulations.…”