Stamp Verification for Automated Document Authentication

Abstract

Abstract. Stamps, along with signatures, can be considered as the most widely used extrinsic security feature in paper documents. In contrast to signatures, however, for stamps little work has been done to automatically verify their authenticity. In this paper, an approach for verification of color stamps is presented. We focus on photocopied stamps as nongenuine stamps. Our previously presented stamp detection method is improved and extended to verify that the stamp is genuine and not a copy. Using a variety of features, a classifier is trained that allows successful separation between genuine stamps and copied stamps. Sensitivity and specificity of up to 95% could be obtained on a data set that is publicly available.

Graduation Certificate Verification Model: A Preliminary Study

“…A graduation certificate is still in the form of a paper-based document because, as of yet, an electronic document cannot effectively replace a physical certificate [13]. With the rise of graduates and advancements in printing and photocopying technologies, came the rise of fake certificates as well threatening the integrity of both the certificate holder and the university that has issued the certificate [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. This means that document validation and verification has become an important task The graduation certificate has to be verified to ensure that its content is true and also to ensure that the issued certificate comes from a real source [2].…”

“…Paper based certificates are still widely spread mostly because it is considered more secure than the digital certificate [6], [8]. Paper based certificate have stamps and signatures on them which can reflect originality [14]. Many entities require a stamp and a signature to accept a given document and graduation certificates are no different.…”

“…QR code nowadays are adopted for different uses as well as different applications. It has been used in transport ticketing, commercial tracking, identity verification and website Uniform Resource Locator (URL) [14][15][16][17][18]. QR code comes in various sizes and versions.…”

“…The latest version is 40 which come in size of 177x177 (inch). QR codes have four levels of error correction which are, namely, L, M, Q, H; these levels are different in the rate of error correction like 7% is in the level L; 15% in M; 25% in Q and 30% in H [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. However; the QR code capacity is based on its version and its level of error correction.…”

Pixel Level Handwritten and Printed Content Discrimination in Scanned Documents

“…Micenkova et al in [1] have presented a stamps detection method based on color clustering achieving a high accuracy. However, in many practical cases, color information has been discarded and only grey levels are available.…”