Stand-alone and grid-connected operation of fuel cell

A Review of the Optimization and Control Strategies for Fuel Cell Power Plants in a Microgrid Environment

“…The application of microgrid technologies in electrical systems can be categorized into two: namely, grid connected and grid-independent systems [58]. Understanding that there is more than just a FC stack in a FC power plant is very essential, regardless of whether the FC technology is used in grid-connected or grid-independent environments.…”

“…Therefore, the structure of the FC power plant contains components like fuel processing, electrolyte management, oxidant conditioning, and heat energy management unit, which includes the unit used for reaction product removal, etc. [58].…”

“…Heavy-current load, small or average loads like lighting, TVs, DVD player, etc., and the inductive load all form part of the total load [25]. Linking the electrical system and the electricity grid depending on the configuration and capacity has become a normal practice [58]. A power converter can be used for domestic applications or transformer for heavy applications as this link [2], [25].…”

“…[2], [5] In place of a diesel generator in Figure 11, a microturbine generator may be used which means power sources 1 and 2 might have a solitary essential input of fuel. Besides, a loadfollowing technique is typically utilized in stand-alone power frameworks; thus, the battery storage is incorporated with the energy generation course of action to provide timely response to fast disparities in users' load demand sometime along the system operation [58], [2]. [2], [71].…”