Stand conditions associated with truffle abundance in western hemlock/Douglas-fir forests

Truffle abundance and mycophagy by northern flying squirrels in eastern Washington forests

“…Our data suggest that shifting stand microclimate to relatively more xeric conditions will result in lower richness and biomass of truffles, but would favor species associated with dryer conditions. Our data and others (Amaranthus et al, 1994;Clarkson and Mills, 1994;North and Greenberg, 1998) also indicate that retention of the largest woody debris may ameliorate that effect by creating or maintaining relatively mesic microsites through shading or moisture retention without increasing hazardous fuels. Carey et al (2002) recommends that !15% cover of coarse woody debris be retained in mesic Douglas-fir forests to maintain critical truffle habitat.…”

“…Disassociating stands from cover type categories for regression analyses, however, did support the rationale underlying the hypothesis. We observed increasing truffle richness and biomass with several environmental and habitat factors: a temperature/moisture gradient that influenced microclimate (Amaranthus et al, 1994) and tree composition (Molina et al, 1992;States and Gaud, 1997;Massicotte et al, 1999), and habitat factors of canopy cover (North et al, 1997;States and Gaud, 1997;Colgan et al, 1999) and woody debris cover (Amaranthus et al, 1994;Clarkson and Mills, 1994;North and Greenberg, 1998). We suspect the observed cover type differences and relationships between richness, biomass, and habitat attributes during the spring might be even stronger during the relatively dryer late summer and fall when moisture stress may limit production.…”

“…As host tree species change in dominance among the types, associated EMF assemblages should also differ (Molina et al, 1992;Carey, 1995;States and Gaud, 1997;Massicotte et al, 1999). Moreover, EMF species richness and abundance increase with canopy cover (Amaranthus et al, 1994;States and Gaud, 1997), stand density in general (North et al, 1997;Colgan et al, 1999), or with increasing amounts of litter and woody debris (Amaranthus et al, 1994;Clarkson and Mills, 1994;North and Greenberg, 1998).…”

Spatial distribution patterns and implications for conservation ofScrophularia takesimensis (Scrophulariaceae), an endangered endemic species on Ulleung Island, Korea

“…In many previous studies (see Table 5), the areas examined were larger than those we surveyed here, and some of those earlier sites also had buffer zones to minimize edge effects (North and Greenberg, 1998;Aldrich et al 2003). However, in the case of S. takesimensis, an endangered and endemic species that is distributed only on the small Ulleung Island, this setting did not allow sufficient area for us to plot a buffer zone, although the requirement for homogenous and isotropic conditions was satisfied because this species tends to be found along the coastline, especially in pebbles and stones.…”

“…51, No. 3, 2008 Chokkalingam and White, 2001Chen and Bradshaw, 1999Arevalo and Fernandez-Palacios, 2003Aldrich et al, 2003North and Greenberg, 1998 Morisita Index…”