Stand structure, composition and illegal logging in selectively logged production forests of Myanmar: Comparison of two compartments subject to different cutting frequency

Khai, Tual Cin; Mizoue, Nobuya; Kajisa, Tsuyoshi; Ota, Tetsuji; Yoshida, Shigejiro

doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2016.06.001

Cited by 39 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The frequency of logging cycles has also not been well regulated across the region, resulting in marked decreases in diversity in countries where logging cycle length has reduced in recent years (i.e., Myanmar; Khai et al. ). Therefore, though reduced impact logging has the potential to mitigate the loss of species (especially if well managed) when compared to clear‐cutting, the actual retention of species is higher, and the change in ecosystem function lowers through land‐sparing of large contiguous forest patches (Edwards et al.…”

Section: Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the standard definition and standards of reduced impact logging at least traditionally have allowed considerably more tree removal in SE Asia (9 trees per ha) than in other parts of the world (normally 1-2 trees per ha [Sist 2000]), and at this intensity of logging, it may be that potential benefits to biodiversity are reduced considerably. The frequency of logging cycles has also not been well regulated across the region, resulting in marked decreases in diversity in countries where logging cycle length has reduced in recent years (i.e., Myanmar; Khai et al 2016). Therefore, though reduced impact logging has the potential to mitigate the loss of species (especially if well managed) when compared to clear-cutting, the actual retention of species is higher, and the change in ecosystem function lowers through land-sparing of large contiguous forest patches (Edwards et al 2014a), even if this means that more land overall is more intensively harvested.…”

Section: Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the drivers ofSoutheastAsian biodiversity loss

2017

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Abstract. Southeast Asia (SE Asia) is a known global hotspot of biodiversity and endemism, yet the region is also one of the most biotically threatened. Ecosystems across the region are threatened by an array of drivers, each of which increases the probability of extinction of species in a variety of ecosystems. These issues are symptomatic of the issues that face the global tropics; however, with around 4 billion people in the wider region and the associated pressures on biodiversity, this region may be under some of the greatest levels of biotic threat. Deforestation rates in SE Asia are some of the highest globally, additionally it has the highest rate of mining in the tropics, around the greatest number of hydropower dams under construction, and a consumption of species for traditional medicines which is a threat to biodiversity globally. In this review, the greatest threats to regional biodiversity in the SE Asian region are discussed. Tree-plantations and deforestation represent one of the most imminent threats, and some countries have already lost over half their original forest cover (i.e., the Philippines, parts of Indonesia), with projections of as much as 98% loss for some regions in the coming decade. Hunting and trade represent a significant threat as demand stems not only for food, but also for medicine, for ornamentation, and as a status symbol. Mining represents a frequently overlooked threat, as the Asian region is one of the greatest exporters of limestone and various minerals globally, and the cost of this to biodiversity is not only through the direct loss of areas for mines, but also through the development of roads that further fragment the landscape, the leakage of heavy metals, and the destruction of limestone karsts, which represent global endemicity hotspots. Reservoir construction, wetland drainage, fires, pollution, invasive species, disease, and finally climate change are also considered. Once each issue has been discussed, the overall prognosis of regional biodiversity and priority actions to protect SE Asian biodiversity in the future is discussed.

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Section: Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the drivers ofSoutheastAsian biodiversity loss

2017

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“…However, despite the importance of this information, few detailed data have been obtained for tropical forests [26]. Thus, the floristic diversity and distribution patterns in tropical forests in Southeast Asian regions, especially in Myanmar, remain poorly understood, even though several studies have been conducted under different management techniques [27][28][29] or in individual regions [29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species Diversity, Stand Structure, and Species Distribution across a Precipitation Gradient in Tropical Forests in Myanmar

Khaine

Woo

Kang

et al. 2017

Forests

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An understanding of how species diversity, structural pattern, and species distribution vary across different environmental regions is crucially important for tropical ecology. In this study, we explored how these ecological parameters vary across various rainfall regions in the tropics with annual rainfall levels ranging from 843 to 2035 mm. Diversity, similarity, structure, and forest classification, and their correspondence with rainfall regions were tested. We found that species diversity, site class, and structural complexity increased with rainfall, with differences of 1000 mm having significant effects on diversity. The structure and heterogeneity of forests were higher in the high rainfall regions than the low rainfall regions. The forest structure was significantly correlated with rainfall, and the structure differed substantially where annual rainfall differed among sites by approximately 200 or 400 mm. Forests could be classified into two types according to whether they had high annual rainfall (1411-2035 mm) or low annual rainfall (843-1029 mm). In addition, the dominance of species changed noticeably from high-to low-rainfall regions, with Tectona hamiltoniana and Terminalia oliveri only being abundant in the low rainfall region. Species diversity and richness were significantly correlated with rainfall and average temperature. These findings will provide invaluable information for forest management and ecological phytogeography.

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“…Despite certain shortcomings [31,52,73,74], classification and area estimation of various land-cover types based on remote sensing have obviously advanced to a point where it surpasses old wood inventory techniques, especially in the case of Serbia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Khai et al [73] state that the illegal nature of timber harvests makes it difficult to locate and quantify overall amounts of timber harvested, largely because illegal logging frequently does not produce large canopy gaps visible on satellite images. Khai et al [73] also stress that it is very important to clearly distinguish illegal cutting from legal cutting based on hammer marks and size/ height of stumps in the field. Although it can be time-consuming to estimate illegal logging from field surveys of stumps, recent forest inventories of many countries include stump measurements for carbon stock and biodiversity evaluation.…”

Section: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (Ndvi) and Local Forementioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Sensing and Forest Conservation: Challenges of Illegal Logging in Kursumlija Municipality (Serbia)

Jovanovic¹,

Milanović²

2017

Forest Ecology and Conservation

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Evidence convincingly shows that illegal and corrupt activities are the major underlying cause of deforestation-illegal logging contributes up to 30% of the global market, in excess of US $20 billion a year. Since so much deforestation is a result of illegal logging, we cannot rely on official production statistics to capture deforestation. Given the importance and complexity of forest preservation, an attempt was made to evaluate the possible use of a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in local forest management and prevention of illegal logging and corruption. We used the example of southern Serbian municipality Kursumlija that in the 2006-2011 periods experienced a 10% loss in forest area, as the obvious result of abrupt illegal logging. This process was very easy to locate and quantify (because illegal logging produced large canopy gaps that extend from the border of Kosovo to approximately 3-4 km into the Kursumlija's territory). In short, NDVI is very promising for countries like Serbia (that rarely perform forest inventories): It is relatively cheap and quick, and it can provide forest managers with essential information; it is easy to implement; the objectivity of these methods can significantly help in avoiding corruption and illegal logging.

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Stand structure, composition and illegal logging in selectively logged production forests of Myanmar: Comparison of two compartments subject to different cutting frequency

Cited by 39 publications

References 36 publications

Understanding the drivers ofSoutheastAsian biodiversity loss

Understanding the drivers ofSoutheastAsian biodiversity loss

Species Diversity, Stand Structure, and Species Distribution across a Precipitation Gradient in Tropical Forests in Myanmar

Remote Sensing and Forest Conservation: Challenges of Illegal Logging in Kursumlija Municipality (Serbia)

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