Standard Abbreviations and Note on Texts

Abstract

CPPBSThe Complete Poetry of Percy Bysshe Shelley, ed. Donald Reiman, Neil Fraistat, and Nora Crook. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000, 2004, 2012. 3 vols to date.Letters: PBSThe Letters of Percy Bysshe Shelley, ed. Frederick L. Jones. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1964. 2 vols....

Institutional Innovation by the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank

“…155 This custom has proven deeply unpopular among developing countries in the ADB and other MDBs. 156 A Chinese commentator has raised the possibility of China allowing non-Chinese presidents, 157 though non-Chinese commentators expect Chinese nationals to occupy the AIIB Presidency in perpetuity. 158 In 2015, the Chinese Finance Minister expressed his hope the AIIB would be "mainly led by developing countries".…”

“…Furthermore, if political "interference" is interpreted too broadly, this could impair development returns, as twenty percent of incumbent MDBs' "infrastructure" assistance targets policy frameworks and non-physical aspects of the investment environment, 261 which can otherwise undermine physical projects. 262 Specific economic, social, and other policies are not specified in either bank's constituent document. At the AIIB, such policies require BD approval and "should be based on international best practices".…”

“…Borrowers have criticized detailed ESFs at incumbent MDBs as slow, excessively bureaucratic, expensive, and intrusive. 268 Lenders generally drive ESFs and loan conditions, 269 and NGOs responsible for ESF lobbying complain that existing frameworks do not go far enough. 270 Lim and Mako opine that this two-sided criticism indicates that MDBs have struck the right balance, 271 whereas Humphrey argues that it reflects a counter-productive "us versus them" mentality between the two camps.…”

“…MDBs have gradually enhanced ESFs based upon decades of experience, 273 much of which was infrastructure-focused at the ADB. 274 Chin describes this as setting the standard that the AIIB "must either meet or try to exceed", 275 yet that standard is not static. For example, ADB reforms have gradually increased reliance on borrowers' domestic monitoring systems.…”