Standard addition analysis of fluoroquinolones in human serum in the presence of the interferent salicylate using lanthanide-sensitized excitation-time decay luminescence data and multivariate curve resolution

Second- and higher-order data generation and calibration: A tutorial

“…As an example of this case, we can mention the determination of three 592 fluoroquinolone antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and danofloxacin) in serum in 593 the presence of the interferent salicylate [66]. The method was based on processing 594 lanthanide-sensitized excitation-time decay matrix data for their terbium (III) 595 complexes.…”

Determination of fluoroquinolone antibiotics by microchip capillary electrophoresis along with time-resolved sensitized luminescence of their terbium(III) complexes

“…The carboxylate and the keto oxygen atoms of FQs allow the formation of chelates that show the characteristic luminescence emission of terbium(III) ion at 545 nm via an intramolecular energy transfer process. Several methods, most of them for screening purposes, have been described for the direct determination of FQs using TSL [20][21][22][23][24]. A method for the determination of two FQs based on the TSL plasmonically enhanced by silver nanoparticles has also been reported [25].…”

A novel second-order standard addition analytical method based on data processing with multidimensional partial least-squares and residual bilinearization

“…Only a few references exist in the literature on this interesting standard addition multi-way research field [7][8][9][10][11]. The algorithm of choice for obtaining the second-order advantage from standard addition data is parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) [12], although a recent report prefers the PARALIND variant [9] (a PARAFAC version adapted to linearly dependent systems, as described in Ref.…”

“…This is because of the presence of linear dependencies in standard addition data when more than one interferent occurs in the test sample. In certain cases, standard addition PARAFAC could not be employed because of serious profile overlapping in one of the data dimensions, in which case multivariate curve resolutionalternating least-squares (MCR-ALS) [14] was successfully applied [11]. It should be noticed that linear dependency is a general phenomenon, which is not only present in standard addition data, but also in pH-gradient [14] or kinetic-modulated spectral experiments [15,16].…”

“…Interestingly, these second-order PLS/RBL methods can be applied to standard addition data, provided a recently discussed modification is incorporated, which consists of subtracting the test data matrix from the standard addition matrices, with quantitation proceeding by a classical external calibration procedure [11]. The purpose of the present work is to compare the performances of these new standard addition U-PLS/RBL and N-PLS/RBL algorithms with those based on PARAFAC, PARALIND and MCR-ALS analyses.…”