Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPRs®) 2018.007: Identification of Skullcap in Raw Materials, Skullcap-Based Dietary Ingredients, and Dietary Supplements

The problem of waste and byproducts generated from agro-industrial activities worldwide is an increasing concern in terms of environmental sustainability. In this ambit, the quantity of food wastes—produced in all steps of the whole food chain—is enormous, and it may be forecasted that food waste could amount to more than 120 billion tonnes by 2020. The reuse of food waste and wastewater as source of polyphenolic compounds could be an interesting discussion in this ambit. In fact, polyphenols obtained in this way might be used for food and non-food purposes by means of new, improved, and safe extraction methods. In light of the opportunity represented by the treatment of agro-industrial waste, different systems concerning the winemaking and olive oil production industries have also been discussed as describing approaches applicable to other sectors. More research is needed before considering recovery of phenolic compounds from wastewater as an economically convenient choice for the food sector.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reuse of Food Waste and Wastewater as a Source of Polyphenolic Compounds to Use as Food Additives

Barbera

2020

Herbs and Medicinal Plants in Jordan

Haddad

Dmour

Al-Khaza’leh

et al. 2020

Background The presence of phenolic acids in edible products for human consumption is considered in relation to the production of odorant substances, with a variety of different aromas. Objective Phenolic substances anthocyanidins, anthocyanins, flavanols, flavones and isoflavones, flavones, flavonols, etc. – are extremely interesting as flavor additives, anti-aging or maturing agents, and color and aroma enhancers. Method The connection between flavoring properties on one hand and the presence of phenolic compounds on the other can be discussed in terms of food acceptance by consumers, especially with relation to the “Mediterranean Diet” lifestyle. Results The health perspectives of these and other food products related to Mediterranean Diet should be evaluated in the geographical ambit of the Mediterranean Basin, including several particular food and vegetable preparations – herbs and medicinal plants - of the Middle East. Conclusions The aim of this paper is to give a presentation on these specialties in relation to Jordan. Highlights Medicinal herbs have interesting health properties against digestive problems, parasitic worms, liver diseases, diabetes, skin problems, nervous, cardiocirculatory, and respiratory diseases.

Phenolics in Mediterranean and Middle East Important Fruits

Haddad

El-Qudah

Abu-Romman

et al. 2020

Background Phenolic compounds (polyphenols) are common plant secondary metabolites playing different roles in plants, and some of these vegetables and correlated fruits—figs, grapes, pomegranates, olives, date palms, etc.—contain remarkable and diversified amounts of these substances. In addition, polyphenols are reported to show positive effects for human health, because of their antioxidant behavior. Figs are an excellent source of polyphenols with highest concentrations of proanthocyanidins. Actually, figs contain higher amounts of polyphenols than red wine and tea. Objective Antioxidant activity of several flavonoids (a group of polyphenols) in figs is higher than that of, vitamin C, glutathione, or vitamin E. Pomegranates contain very high levels of polyphenols as compared to other fruits and vegetables. It is used in folklore medicine for the treatment of various diseases, such as hepatic damage, snakebite, ulcer, etc. Method The health-positive potential of pomegranate fruit has been mainly attributed to ellagitannins, the predominant class of phenolics in pomegoxidation. Results The chief phenolic compound found in fresh olive is the bitter secoiridoid oleuropein.. Conclusions Processing of table olive decreases levels of oleuropein with correlated increases in the hydrolysis of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol. Many of the health benefits reported for olives are thought to be associated with the levels of hydroxytyrosol. Date palm represents a staple food in most of the Arabian countries and is commonly consumed in several parts of the world. Highlights Numerous researches revealed the antibacterial, anti-hyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, antimutagenic, and nephroprotective activity of date fruits, with reported anticancer and anti-fungal features.