Standardised methodology of sputum induction and processing

Djukanović, Ratko; Sterk, PJ; Fahy, John V.; Hargreave, Frederick E.

doi:10.1183/09031936.02.00000102

Cited by 268 publications

(241 citation statements)

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“…Here we used here an original model of cell culture previously validated [13,26]. Our study showed a raised production of IFN-γ from sputum cells of COPD while there was no evidence of overproduction of IL-4, which remained rarely detectable in both groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Local and systemic cellular inflammation and cytokine release in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Moermans¹,

Heinen

Nguyen

et al. 2011

Cytokine

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Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic airway inflammatory disease caused by repeated exposure to noxious gases or particles. It is now recognized that the disease also features systemic inflammation. The purpose of our study was to compare airway and systemic inflammation in COPD to that seen in healthy subjects and to relate the inflammation with the disease severity. Methods: Ninety-five COPD patients, encompassing the whole severity spectrum of the disease, were recruited from our outpatient clinic and rehabilitation center and compared to 33 healthy subjects. Induced sputum and blood samples were obtained for measurement of inflammatory cell count. Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ produced by 24 h sputum and blood cell cultures were measured. Results: Compared to healthy subjects, COPD exhibited a prominent airway neutrophilic inflammation associated with a marked IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-α release deficiency that contrasted with a raised IFN-γ production. Neutrophilic inflammation was also prominent at blood level together with raised production of IFN-γ, IL-10 and TNF-α. Furthermore, sputum neutrophilia correlated with disease severity assessed by GOLD stages. Likewise the extent of TNF-α release from blood cells also positively correlated with the disease severity but negatively with that of sputum cell culture. Blood release of TNF-α and IL-6 negatively correlated with body mass index. Altogether, our results showed a significant relationship between cellular marker in blood and sputum but poor relationship between local and systemic release of cytokines. Conclusions: COPD is characterized by prominent neutrophilic inflammation and raised IFN-γ production at both bronchial and systemic level. Overproduction of TNF-α at systemic level correlates with disease severity and inversely with body mass index.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Local and systemic cellular inflammation and cytokine release in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Moermans¹,

Heinen

Nguyen

et al. 2011

Cytokine

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“…Thereafter, induced sputum analysis was applied to evaluate airway inflammation in airway diseases, in particular asthma and more recently COPD, but also cystic fibrosis (CF) and other diseases with pulmonary involvement such as ILD, pneumoconiosis, infections in the immunocompetent and immunocompromised host and cancer [4,[12][13][14]. While the method has proven to be reasonably safe, it can also per se induce transitory changes in the composition of the cellular components of sputum after 24 h in healthy subjects, with an influx of neutrophils into the airway lumen detected by induced sputum analysis [36].…”

Section: Induced Sputummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each technique followed a similar development pathway, from the first description in research centres [21][22][23][24], to procedure standardisation, usually with the aid of ad hoc collaborative groups or Task Forces sponsored by scientific societies [1][2][3][4][5][6], with the aim of providing guidance for the reproducibility of the results obtained. From an investigational point of view, all techniques have been widely applied to more or less all disease conditions in order to gain information on the pathogenesis of and, ultimately, improve the ability to diagnose and treat respiratory disorders.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum and exhaled clinically relevant inflammatory markers: values in healthy adults

et al. 2007

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Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), induced sputum and exhaled breath markers (exhaled nitric oxide and exhaled breath condensate) can each provide biological insights into the pathogenesis of respiratory disorders. Some of their biomarkers are also employed in the clinical management of patients with various respiratory diseases. In the clinical context, however, defining normal values and cut-off points is crucial. The aim of the present review is to investigate to what extent the issue of defining normal values in healthy adults has been pursued for the biomarkers with clinical value.The current authors reviewed data from literature that specifically addressed the issue of normal values from healthy adults for the four methodologies.Most studies have been performed for BAL (n59), sputum (n53) and nitric oxide (n53). There are no published studies for breath condensate, none of whose markers yet has clinical value. In healthy adult nonsmokers the cut-off points (mean+2SD) for biomarkers with clinical value were as follows. BAL: 16.7% lymphocytes, 2.3% neutrophils and 1.9% eosinophils; sputum: 7.7610 6 ?mL -1 total cell count and 2.2% eosinophils; nitric oxide: 20.2 ppb. The methodologies differ concerning the quantity and characteristics of available reference data. Studies focusing on obtaining reference values from healthy individuals are still required, more evidently for the new, noninvasive methodologies.

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“…Today, both the select and the entire sputum processing protocols have been standardized [5] and both allow differentiation between diseased and healthy airways based on inflammatory cell differentials and soluble markers [6,7]. Additionally, several studies have demonstrated responsiveness of these sputum inflammatory markers to both disease exacerbations and effective (targeted) therapies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Launching the BIOSPIT initiative: Harmonizing sputum outcomes in multicenter trials

Clarke

Diamant

Greenaway

et al. 2013

Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics

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Standardised methodology of sputum induction and processing

Cited by 268 publications

References 1 publication

Local and systemic cellular inflammation and cytokine release in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Local and systemic cellular inflammation and cytokine release in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum and exhaled clinically relevant inflammatory markers: values in healthy adults

Launching the BIOSPIT initiative: Harmonizing sputum outcomes in multicenter trials

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