Standardization of a non-invasive methodology to measure cortisol in hair of beef cattle

Moya, Diego; Schwartzkopf-Genswein, K. S.; Veira, D. M.

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2013.10.007

Cited by 100 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Cortisol in the tail hair matrix normally shows a higher concentration compared to other parts of the body. The hairs also grow back in very short time in the tail, suggesting that this is the most suitable location to collect hair samples (Moya et al, 2013). The recorded values of hair cortisol were lower than found in the literature, but comparable with those reported by Rizzo et al (2007) Typically, psychological stress is associated with fear, such as that experienced during commingling or social mixing, exposure to new environments, loud and unusual noises, and restraint (Carroll and Forsberg, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Welfare parameters in dairy cows reared in tie-stall and open-stall farming systems: pilot study

Benvenuti¹,

Giuliotti²,

Lotti

et al. 2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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ABSTRACT. Animals can experience pain or distress as a result of widely accepted management practices. In dairy cattle, housing system can affect animal welfare. The assessment of animal welfare requires the use of multiple indicators in order to analyse the heterogeneity of the aspects involved. The aim of this study was to compare the welfare of dairy cows reared in a tie-stall (TS) and open-stall (OS) system by metabolic, immunological and stress related parameters. The study involved 80 pluriparous lactating cows belonging to eight dairy farms located in the area of Mugello (Florence, Italy) reared in TS and OS systems. Ten blood samples were collected at morning time to measure alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), creatinine (Creat), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), total proteins (TP), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), serum lisozyme (SL), bactericidal activity (SBA), haptoglobin (Hp), oxygen free radicals (OFR), and hair cortisol levels. At the same time a body condition score (BCS) was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA. The experiment was carried out in accordance with European Commission regulations (Directive 2010/63/EC and Directive 98/58/EC). The results showed that the housing system affected various parameters such as ALT, BHBA, OFR, cortisol (P≤0.01) and AST, BUN (P≤0.05). Most of these parameters showed mean values within the range of reference without revealing any signs of suffering. An interesting outcome regarded the OFR levels, which was higher in the OS system (68.2±34.51 U.Carr. vs 36.1±21.39 U.Carr.), probably as a consequence of the high productive effort. In conclusion, it is possible to state that TS did not show a comparable overall situation with serious signs of welfare impairment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Welfare parameters in dairy cows reared in tie-stall and open-stall farming systems: pilot study

Benvenuti¹,

Giuliotti²,

Lotti

et al. 2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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“…Thus, black hair samples were homogeneous in colour but not in location and so, hair type. The authors did not find any study comparing cortisol concentrations from these two close regions but other studies found differences in hair cortisol levels among other locations (Cerri et al, 2012;Moya et al, 2013;Burnett et al, 2014). Hair from the occipital crest in Holstein-Friesian cows is longer and thicker than hair from frontal region and studies performed by Burnett et al (2014) and Moya et al (2013) found higher cortisol concentrations in locations where hair type was also longer and thicker (especially the tail switch).…”

Section: Hair Cortisol Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Hair from the occipital crest in Holstein-Friesian cows is longer and thicker than hair from frontal region and studies performed by Burnett et al (2014) and Moya et al (2013) found higher cortisol concentrations in locations where hair type was also longer and thicker (especially the tail switch). The growth rate and hormone accumulation or production rate could be different between types of hair (Moya et al, 2013;Burnett et al, 2014) and these differences could be the cause of the presence of higher cortisol levels in the heterogeneous black hair samples.…”

Section: Hair Cortisol Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This fact could also add differences between d 0 and d 25 samples. Additionally, the different hair growth phases present in samples from regions not previously harvested has been considered as a cause of hair cortisol variations, especially in short hair types (Moya et al, 2013;Peric et al, 2013;Carlitz et al, 2014).…”

Section: Hair Cortisol Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and ELISA methodologies have been used to detect hair cortisol in cows and beef (Cerri et al, 2012;Moya et al, 2013;Burnett et al, 2014), a complete validation of the methodology has only been done in beef cattle (Moya et al, 2013). Other studies have detected cortisol in hair from dairy cows using radioimmunoassay with validation tests (Comin et al, 2011 andGonzález-de-la-Vara et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hair cortisol detection in dairy cattle by using EIA: protocol validation and correlation with faecal cortisol metabolites

Talló-Parra

Manteca

Sabés-Alsina

et al. 2015

Animal

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Hair may be a useful matrix to detect cumulative cortisol concentrations in studies of animal welfare and chronic stress. The aim of this study was to validate a protocol for cortisol detection in hair from dairy cattle by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Seventeen adult Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were used during the milking period. Hair cortisol concentration was assessed in 25-day-old hair samples taken from the frontal region of the head, analysing black and white coloured hair separately. Concentrations of cortisol metabolites were determined in faeces collected twice a week during the same period of time. There was a high correlation between cortisol values in faeces and cortisol in white colour hair samples but such correlation was not significant with the black colour hair samples. The intra-and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 4.9% and 10.6%, respectively. The linearity showed R 2 = 0.98 and mean percentage error of −10.8 ± 1.55%. The extraction efficiency was 89.0 ± 23.52% and the parallelism test showed similar slopes. Cortisol detection in hair by using EIA seems to be a valid method to represent long-term circulating cortisol levels in dairy cattle.Keywords: animal welfare, cortisol, dairy cattle, EIA, hair ImplicationsThe main implication of this study is the validation of a methodology for hair cortisol detection by enzyme immunoassay in dairy cattle. Hair cortisol detection is a promising methodology able to give information on long-term retrospective cortisol levels, which cannot be provided by any other established matrix. This study opens the possibility to use this methodology in chronic stress studies in dairy cattle welfare research, which is nowadays a hot topic.

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Analysis of illicit glucocorticoid levels in camel hair using competitive ELISA – Comparison with LC–MS/MS

Ashraf

El‐Gahany

Alraeesi

et al. 2020

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Accurate, sensitive, and rapid screening of performance‐enhancing drugs, including glucocorticoids, is critical to combat doping in animal racing sports. Samples of urine, saliva, and serum are usually used for random screening of controlled substances; however, they tend to provide only acute usage and doping information. Hair testing has the potential to detect long‐term drug use in racing animals. In the present study, commercially available ELISA‐kits were used to rapidly screen and analyze various natural and synthetic glucocorticoids in the hair of camels. The four glucocorticoids that were screened using the competitive ELISA were hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, flumethasone, and methylprednisolone. However, comparison of the results obtained using the ELISA method with our previously published LC–MS/MS assay did not show a good correlation. The results obtained with the ELISA analysis of hair samples of 27 different camels showed that this technique consistently yielded significantly higher levels of glucocorticoids compared with the LC–MS/MS assay. This is an interesting finding and suggests that commercially available ELISA tests may overestimate the amount of glucocorticoids present in camel hair, perhaps due to specificity and cross‐reactivity issues.

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Standardization of a non-invasive methodology to measure cortisol in hair of beef cattle

Cited by 100 publications

References 38 publications

Welfare parameters in dairy cows reared in tie-stall and open-stall farming systems: pilot study

Welfare parameters in dairy cows reared in tie-stall and open-stall farming systems: pilot study

Hair cortisol detection in dairy cattle by using EIA: protocol validation and correlation with faecal cortisol metabolites

Analysis of illicit glucocorticoid levels in camel hair using competitive ELISA – Comparison with LC–MS/MS

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