Standardization of Galleria mellonella as an Infection Model for Malassezia furfur and Malassezia pachydermatis

Torres, Mario; Ramírez, Adriana Marcela Celis

doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-3199-7_2

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…G. mellonella has been used to study many fungi, including Aspergillus spp., Candida spp., Cryptococcus spp., Conidiobolus coronatus , Histoplasma capsulatum , Madurella mycetomatis , Malassezia spp. and Paraccocidioides brasiliensis [ 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 ].…”

Section: G Mellonella As a Model To Study Fungi In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Categorising studies using G. mellonella larvae to assess virulence or drug efficacy is a challenging task. It is more appropriate to evaluate the work based on different fungal genera since some species have undergone extensive research in recent years [ 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 ].…”

Section: G Mellonella As a Model To Study Fungi In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The infected larvae were incubated at two temperatures, 33 • C and 37 • C. At 37 • C, M. pachydermatis was slightly more virulent and had a higher fungal load than M. furfur, which was more virulent at 33 • C despite having a lower concentration. The studies showed that both larval mortality and melanisation were dependent on the Malassezia species, inoculum concentration and temperature [85,86].…”

Section: Malassezia Sppmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Galleria mellonella as a Model for the Study of Fungal Pathogens: Advantages and Disadvantages

Giammarino,

Bellucci,

Angiolella

2024

Pathogens

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The study of pathogenicity and virulence of fungal strains, in vivo in the preclinical phase, is carried out through the use of animal models belonging to various classes of mammals (rodents, leproids, etc.). Although animals are functionally more similar to humans, these studies have some limitations in terms of ethics (animal suffering), user-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, timing (physiological response time) and logistics (need for adequately equipped laboratories). A good in vivo model must possess some optimal characteristics to be used, such as rapid growth, small size and short life cycle. For this reason, insects, such as Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera), Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera) and Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera), have been widely used as alternative non-mammalian models. Due to their simplicity of use and low cost, the larvae of G. mellonella represent an optimal model above all to evaluate the virulence of fungal pathogens and the use of antifungal treatments (either single or in combination with biologically active compounds). A further advantage is also represented by their simple neuronal system limiting the suffering of the animal itself, their ability to survive at near-body ambient temperatures as well as the expression of proteins able to recognise combined pathogens following the three R principles (replacement, refinement and reduction). This review aims to assess the validity as well as the advantages and disadvantages of replacing mammalian classes with G. mellonella as an in vivo study model for preclinical experimentation.

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