Standardization of hemoglobinometry II. The hemiglobincyanide method

Kampen, E. van; Zijlstra, W. G.

doi:10.1016/0009-8981(61)90145-0

Cited by 1,051 publications

(287 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The cells were then fixed with 1% formaldehyde͞1% paraformaldehyde and prepared using standard SEM procedures (14). Spontaneous RBC lysis was quantitated by measuring the amount of extracellular hemoglobin against the total hemoglobin concentration using the ferricyanide-cyanide (Drabkin's) method at 540 nm (15). The osmotic fragility of RBC in response to decreasing osmolarity was determined as described (16).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical camouflage of antigenic determinants: Stealth erythrocytes

Scott

Murad

Koumpouras

et al. 1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

208

215

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In a number of clinical circumstances it would be desirable to artificially conceal cellular antigenic determinants to permit survival of heterologous donor cells. A case in point is the problem encountered in transfusions of patients with rare blood types or chronically transfused patients who become allosensitized to minor blood group determinants. We have tested the possibility that chemical modification of the red blood cell (RBC) membrane might serve to occlude antigenic determinants, thereby minimizing transfusion reactions. To this end, we have covalently bound methoxy(polyethylene glycol) (mPEG) to the surface of mammalian RBC via cyanuric chloride coupling. Human RBC treated with this technique lose ABO blood group reactivity as assessed by solution-phase antisera agglutination. In accord with this, we also find a profound decrease in anti-blood group antibody binding. Furthermore, whereas human monocytes avidly phagocytose untreated sheep RBC, mPEG-derivatized sheep RBC are ineffectively phagocytosed. Surprisingly, human and mouse RBC appear unaffected by this covalent modification of the cell membrane. Thus, mPEG-treated RBC are morphologically normal, have normal osmotic fragility, and mPEG-derivatized murine RBC have normal in vivo survival, even following repeated infusions. Finally, in preliminary experiments, mPEG-modified sheep RBC intraperitoneally transfused into mice show significantly improved (up to 360-fold) survival when compared with untreated sheep RBC. We speculate that similar chemical camouf lage of intact cells may have significant clinical applications in both transfusion (e.g., allosensitization and autoimmune hemolytic disease) and transplantation (e.g., endothelial cells and pancreatic ␤ cells) medicine.The transfusion of red blood cells (RBC) is the most common, and best tolerated, form of tissue transplantation. Indeed, in 1993, over 14 million units of blood were donated for transfusion in the United States alone (1). In most transfusions, simple blood typing (ABO͞Rh-D) is sufficient to identify appropriate donors. Occasionally, however, appropriate donors for patients with rare blood types cannot quickly be found; a situation that may become life-threatening. More often, problems are encountered in individuals who receive chronic transfusions, such as patients with sickle cell anemia and thalassemia. In such patients, alloimmunization against minor RBC antigens can make it nearly impossible to identify appropriate blood donors (2-4). Previous studies in which purified proteins were covalently modified with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) provided a possible solution to this problem. PEG-modified proteins have been shown to have increased in vivo survival and to be nonimmunogenic, even with repeated infusions (5, 6). We therefore explored the hypothesis that the covalent binding of PEG to intact RBC might mask RBC surface antigens and thereby permit the survival of heterologous or even xenogeneic RBC.To experimentally test this hypothesis, human, mouse, and sheep RBC were...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical camouflage of antigenic determinants: Stealth erythrocytes

Scott

Murad

Koumpouras

et al. 1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

208

215

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“…The ICSH-recommended HiCN method was developed in the nineteen sixties after the redetermination of the (milli)molar absorptivity of HiCN at 540 nm, , based pn exhaustive haemoglobin-iron analyses (8,9). The value measured has since been verified by various other methods, including N and C analyses, and X-ray emission spectrography (10).…”

Section: The Reference Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on the Alkaline Haematin/Detergent Complex Proposed for Measuring Haemoglobin Concentration

Assendelft

Zijlstra²

1989

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

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Summary:The "alkaline haematin D-575" method for determining haemoglobin, described by Zander et al. ((1984) Clin. Chim. Acta 136, 83 -93) was tested. Claims that different non-ionic detergents in the reagent result in identical values for the haemoglobin concentration being measured could not be verified. It could also not be verified that a stable end-product with unique spectral characteristics is always reached within approximately 2 min and that conversion of fetal haemoglobin is faster than that with the haemiglobin cyanide method. Because of the many questions regarding the nature and characteristics of the alkaline haematin/detergent complex or complexes, it is not yet possible to recommend this method for routine haemoglobinometry.

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“…Lactate and ATP were estimated as described previously (Barry, 1982). Haemoglobin (Hb) was estimated by the hemiglobincyanide method of Van Kampen and Zijlstra (1961).…”

Section: Biochemical Estimationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

METABOLISM OF BABESIA PARASITES IN VITRO. COMPARISON OF SEVERAL ZWITTERION BUFFERS FOR THE IN VITRO INCUBATION OF BARESIA RODHAINI

1982

Aust J Exp Biol Med

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Summary. The effect on the haemoprotozoan parasite Babesia rodhaini of adding a zwiiterion buffer, HEPES. to a basal medium was studied by comparing the glucose uptake, ATP concentration, medium pH and infectivity of parasitized rat erythrocytes every 4 h during 24 h incubalion in either Krebs Ringer phosphate (KRP) or KRP plus 28 mM HEPES. KRP plus HEPES was found to be superior to KRP for the maintenance of glucose uptake, erythrocyte ATP concentration, medium pH ynd infectivity of the parasite.Having established that HEPES improved the basal KRP medium. HEPES was then compared lo three olher buffers TES. BES and TRIS. to determine their relative effects on B. rodhaini during 18 h of incubation. At 28 and 56 mM concentration there was no significant difference in glucose uptake or lactate production among the 4 buffers. However, TES maintained the medium pH best, and BES preserved the infectivity of Ihe parasite best. Further comparison of TES and BES at 10, 20. 30 and 40 mM established 40 mM TES to be best for buffering the pH of the medium and maintaining infectivity of B. rodhaini.

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Standardization of hemoglobinometry II. The hemiglobincyanide method

Cited by 1,051 publications

References 9 publications

Chemical camouflage of antigenic determinants: Stealth erythrocytes

Chemical camouflage of antigenic determinants: Stealth erythrocytes

Observations on the Alkaline Haematin/Detergent Complex Proposed for Measuring Haemoglobin Concentration

METABOLISM OF BABESIA PARASITES IN VITRO. COMPARISON OF SEVERAL ZWITTERION BUFFERS FOR THE IN VITRO INCUBATION OF BARESIA RODHAINI

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