Standardization of in situ techniques for ruminant feedstuff evaluation.

Vanzant, E.S.; Cochran, R.C.; Titgemeyer, Evan C.

doi:10.2527/1998.76102717x

Cited by 284 publications

(250 citation statements)

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“…A number of techniques are commonly used to determine the nutrient availability of feedstuffs (Habib et al, 2013). The in situ nylon bag technique has been extensively applied to determine the rumen degradation characteristics of feedstuffs for dairy cows (Ørskov and McDonald, 1979;Vanzant et al, 1998;Harazim et al, 2002). The in situ nylon bag technique is preferred over in vitro methods because the feeds are incubated in the actual rumen environment (Nocek, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between chemical composition and in situ rumen degradation characteristics of maize silages in dairy cows

Ali

Duinkerken

Cone

et al. 2014

Animal

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Several in situ studies have been conducted on maize silages to determine the effect of individual factors such as maturity stage, chop length and ensiling of maize crop on the rumen degradation but the information on the relationship between chemical composition and in situ rumen degradation characteristics remains scarce. The objectives of this study were to determine and describe relationships between the chemical composition and the rumen degradation characteristics of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), CP, starch and aNDFom (NDF assayed with a heat stable amylase and expressed exclusive of residual ash) of maize silages. In all, 75 maize silage samples were selected, with a broad range in chemical composition and quality parameters. The samples were incubated in the rumen for 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 72 and 336 h, using the nylon bag technique. Large range was found in the rumen degradable fractions of DM, OM, CP, starch and aNDFom because of the broad range in chemical composition and quality parameters. The new database with in situ rumen degradation characteristics of DM, OM, CP, starch and aNDFom of the maize silages was obtained under uniform experimental conditions; same cows, same incubation protocol and same chemical analysis procedures. Regression equations were developed with significant predictors (P < 0.05) describing moderate and weak relationships between the chemical composition and the washout fraction, rumen undegradable fraction, potentially rumen degradable fraction, fractional degradation rate and effective rumen degradable fraction of DM, OM, CP, starch and aNDFom.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between chemical composition and in situ rumen degradation characteristics of maize silages in dairy cows

Ali

Duinkerken

Cone

et al. 2014

Animal

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“…The in situ and mobile bag techniques were used to estimate the proportion of RUP and digestibility of the RUP (dRUP). For each steer, approximately 1.25 g of each sample was weighed into sixty 5 × 10 cm Dacron (Ankom Inc.) nylon bags (pore size of 50 μm), which were then heat-sealed using an Ankom Heat Sealer (Vanzant et al, 1998). Fifty Dacron bags each were placed into larger nylon mesh bags (36 × 42 cm) that contained 2 secured 100-g weights before rumen incubation to prevent bags from floating in the rumen mat.…”

Section: In Situ Bag and Mobile Bag Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of protein fractionation and ruminal and intestinal digestibility of corn milling co-products

Kelzer

Kononoff

Tedeschi

et al. 2010

Journal of Dairy Science

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Novel corn milling co-products developed from technological advancements in ethanol production vary widely in chemical composition and nutrient availability. The objectives of this study were to characterize feed protein fractions and evaluate differences in rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) and its digestible fraction (dRUP), amino acid concentration, and in vitro gas production of 7 corn milling co-products. The crude protein (CP; % of dry matter) of co-products was 12.7 for germ, 26.9 for dried distillers grains plus solubles that had no heat exposure before fermentation (DDGS1), 45.4 for highprotein dried distillers grains (HPDDG), 12.7 for bran, 30.2 for wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS), 23.1 for wet corn gluten feed (WCGF), and 26.0 for dried distillers grains plus solubles that had heat exposure before fermentation (DDGS2). Two ruminally and duodenally fistulated Holstein steers weighing 663 ± 24 kg were used to determine RUP and dRUP with the in situ and mobile bag techniques. Samples of each feed were ruminally incubated for 16 h, and mobile bags were exposed to simulated abomasal digestion before insertion into the duodenum and subsequent collection in the feces. Protein fractions A, B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , and C were characterized as follows (% CP): germ = 30.0, 15.0, 38.1, 13.5, 3.4; DDGS1 = 17.0, 7.0, 67.0, 4.8, 4.2; 0.6, 82.4, 8.8, 0.8; bran = 33.5, 4.0, 54.3, 6.0, 2.2; WDGS = 18.6, 2.4, 53.1, 11.0, 14.9; WCGF = 36.6, 15.9, 33.2, 10.1, 4.1; and DDGS2 = 17.9, 2.1, 41.1, 11.1, 27.9. The proportions of RUP and dRUP were different and are reported as follows (% CP): DDGS2 = 56.3, 91.9; HPDDG = 55.2, 97.7; WDGS = 44.7, 93.1; DDGS1 = 33.2, 92.1; bran = 20.7, 65.8; germ = 16.5, 66.8; and WCGF = 11.5, 51.1. The concentrations of Lys and Met in the RUP were different and are listed as follows (% CP): germ = 2.9, 2.0; DDGS1 = 1.9, 2.0; HPDDG = 2.0, 3.2; bran = 3.2, 1.5; WDGS = 1.9, 2.3; WCGF = 3.5, 1.6; and DDGS2 = 1.9, 2.4. In vitro gas production (mL/48 h) was highest for germ (52.1) followed by bran (50.1), WDGS (40.7), DDGS2 (40.1), WCGF (39.0), DDGS1 (38.6), and HPDDG (37.5). Comparison of co-products defined differences in chemical composition, protein fractionation, ruminal availability, and microbial fermentation.

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“…ISDMD estimation was carried out according to the procedure of Vanzant et al 76 , using two ruminally cannulated beef cows that consumed low quality grass hay ad libitum and 3.6 kg day -1 of barley. Four 5 g samples of each entry were placed in 10 × 20-cm, 50-µm pore size polyester bags (Ankom Technology, Fairport, NY).…”

Section: Grain Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Malting Barley Better Feed for Cattle than Feed Barley?

Fox

Kelly²,

Bowman

et al. 2009

Journal of the Institute of Brewing

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Barley grain from a combined intermediate and advanced barley breeding trial was assessed for grain, feed and malt quality from two sites over two consecutive years, with the objective to ascertain relationships between these traits. Results indicated there were genetic effects for both malt (hot water extract and friability) and "feed" traits (as measured by hardness, acid detergent fibre, starch and in-sacco dry matter digestibility). The feed trait values were generally independent of the malt trait values. However, there were positive relationships between friability, hardness and protein, as well as a negative relationship between extract and husk. Extract also had a positive relationship with test weight but appeared to be independent from the feed traits. Test weight also showed little relationship to the feed traits. Heritability values ranged from low to high for almost all traits. This study details where both malt and cattle feed parameters have been compared and the results indicated that while malt and feed traits do not correlate directly, malt cultivars can exhibit excellent feed characteristics, equal to or better than feed cultivars. This data highlights the benefit of selecting for malt quality even if a breeding program would be interested at targeting specific feed quality.

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Standardization of in situ techniques for ruminant feedstuff evaluation.

Cited by 284 publications

References 0 publications

Relationship between chemical composition and in situ rumen degradation characteristics of maize silages in dairy cows

Relationship between chemical composition and in situ rumen degradation characteristics of maize silages in dairy cows

Evaluation of protein fractionation and ruminal and intestinal digestibility of corn milling co-products

Is Malting Barley Better Feed for Cattle than Feed Barley?

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