Standardization of Power-from-Shore Grid Connections for Offshore Oil & Gas Production

Abstract

Offshore oil and gas (O&G) production is typically powered by local diesel engines or gas turbines. Power-from-shore (PFS) is an alternative that takes advantage of onshore renewable production and reduces greenhouse emissions but is limited to bespoke projects that are tailored to the characteristics of each site. This lack of repetition leads to an increase in the construction risk, delivery time, and lifecycle costs, therefore limiting their large-scale deployment. Furthermore, the absence of standardized designs is also notorious in mature applications such as offshore wind farms (OWF) despite their long-standing track record, with the negative consequences extensively covered in the literature. This research paper addresses offshore transmission standardization in two parts. First, by providing the scientific community with a review of the existing offshore O&G production and substations and secondly, by outlining a lean optioneering algorithm for the cost-optimized and technically feasible selection of the key design criteria. The exercise is centred on the main limiting component of the transmission systems—the cables. As such, it addresses their operational range and the cost to calculate the most effective configuration in terms of voltage and rated power. The end goal, based on the spread of connection proposals, is to cluster the candidates to a limited set of grid connection options, the achievement of which the model has been shown to be adequate.

Risk Decision for a Port Shore Power Supply System Based on Cumulative Prospect Theory and an Improved Gray Target

“…It should be noted that Equation (11) adopts the interval gray number distance formula in the literature [12].…”

“…Emission reduction regulations in port areas will also encourage port and ship operators to invest in shore power [8]. At present, any relevant studies have mainly analyzed the economic and social benefits of shore power and the challenges faced by shore power [9][10][11], and have rarely analyzed the risks generated by a shore power system.…”