Standardization of precordial leads

Barnes, Arlie R.; Pardee, Harold E. B.; White, Paul D.; Wilson, Frank N.; Wolferth, Charles C.

doi:10.1016/s0002-8703(38)90860-9

Cited by 97 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…In 1934, Wilson defines the unipolar limb leads VR, VL and VF, where V denotes voltage [2]. Shortly thereafter, in 1938, the American Heart Association and the Cardiac Society of Great Britain have defined the standard positions and the wir-ing of the chest leads V1 to V6 [3]. In 1942, Emanuel Goldberger increased the voltage of Wilson's unipolar leads by 50 % and created the augmented limb leads aVR, aVL and aVF [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Electrocardiography: Revisiting Holter ECG Monitoring

Deserno

2016

Methods Inf Med

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SummaryBackground: Since 1942, when Goldberger introduced the 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG), this diagnostic method has not been changed. Objectives: After 70 years of technologic developments, we revisit Holter ECG from recording to understanding. Methods: A fundamental change is foreseen towards "computational ECG" (CECG), where continuous monitoring is producing big data volumes that are impossible to be inspected conventionally but require efficient computational methods. We draw parallels between CECG and computational biology, in particular with respect to computed tomography, computed radiology, and computed photography. From that, we identify technology and methodology needed for CECG. Results: Real-time transfer of raw data into meaningful parameters that are tracked over time will allow prediction of serious events, such as sudden cardiac death. Evolved from Holter's technology, portable smartphones with Bluetooth-connected textile-embedded sensors will capture noisy raw data (recording), process meaningful parameters over time (analysis), and transfer them to cloud services for sharing (handling), predicting serious events, and alarming (understanding). To make this happen, the following fields need more research: i) signal processing, ii) cycle decomposition; iii) cycle normalization, iv) cycle modeling, v) clinical parameter computation, vi) physiological modeling, and vii) event prediction. Conclusions: We shall start immediately developing methodology for CECG analysis and understanding.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Electrocardiography: Revisiting Holter ECG Monitoring

Deserno

2016

Methods Inf Med

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“…In 1938, the first standardization was made by the Cardiac Society of Great Britain and Ireland in conjunction with the American Heart Association [5]. Later that same year, the electrode positions of leads V1 to V6 as known today were described [6,7]. The standardized placement of the precordial leads was a committee decision, made with the specific intent of standardizing research.…”

Section: The Development Of the Standard 12-lead Ecgmentioning

confidence: 99%

How many ECG leads do we need?

2006

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“…This was then used to record four new leads using each limb lead as a comparing electrode. The original paper stated there was insufficient evidence to consider the placement of multiple chest leads but corrected this later in 1938, describing the chest electrodes in the V1 to V6 pattern we recognise today 11,12 . This led to a standard 9 lead electrocardiogram which was augmented in 1942 with the addition of leads aVR, aVL and aVF by Golberger to create the standard 12‐lead ECG 13 …”

Section: Why Do We Place the 12 Lead Ecg In The Standard Positions?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The original paper stated there was insufficient evidence to consider the placement of multiple chest leads but corrected this later in 1938, describing the chest electrodes in the V1 to V6 pattern we recognise today. 11,12 This led to a standard 9 lead electrocardiogram which was augmented in 1942 with the addition of leads aVR, aVL and aVF by Golberger to create the standard 12-lead ECG. 13 It is interesting to note that the placement of the 6precordial leads was essentially a committee decision to standardise placement for the purposes of research.…”

Section: Why Do We Place the 12 Lead Ecg In The Standard Positions?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the 12 lead: Review of the use of additional leads for the early electrocardiographic diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction

Carley

2003

Emergency Medicine

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Despite known limitations, the standard 12 lead ECG is the principal risk stratification device for patients presenting with chest pain to the ED. However, it has a sensitivity of less than 60% for MI. One reason for this is that the standard placement of chest leads fails to interrogate many areas of the myocardium. Various workers have addressed this problem through the use of additional leads or body surface mapping. Additional leads on the posterior and right thoracic surface have been shown to give additional information, which may be important to the emergency physician. This review demonstrates the need for additional leads in the acute setting and makes recommendations about the utility of using additional leads in the ED.

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Standardization of precordial leads

Cited by 97 publications

References 1 publication

Computational Electrocardiography: Revisiting Holter ECG Monitoring

Computational Electrocardiography: Revisiting Holter ECG Monitoring

How many ECG leads do we need?

Beyond the 12 lead: Review of the use of additional leads for the early electrocardiographic diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction

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