Standardizing Scavenger Receptor Nomenclature

Abstract

Scavenger receptors constitute a large family of proteins that are structurally diverse and participate in a wide range of biological functions. These receptors are expressed predominantly by myeloid cells and recognize a variety of ligands, including endogenous and modified host-derived molecules and microbial pathogens. There are currently eight classes of scavenger receptors, many of which have multiple names, leading to inconsistencies and confusion in the literature. To address this problem, a workshop was organized by the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health to help develop a clear definition of scavenger receptors and a standardized nomenclature based on that definition. Fifteen experts in the scavenger receptor field attended the workshop and, after extensive discussion, reached a consensus regarding the definition of scavenger receptors and a proposed scavenger receptor nomenclature. Scavenger receptors were defined as cell surface receptors that typically bind multiple ligands and promote the removal of non-self or altered-self targets. They often function by mechanisms that include endocytosis, phagocytosis, adhesion, and signaling that ultimately lead to the elimination of degraded or harmful substances. Based on this definition, nomenclature and classification of these receptors into 10 classes were proposed. The discussion and nomenclature recommendations described in this report only refer to mammalian scavenger receptors. The purpose of this article is to describe the proposed mammalian nomenclature and classification developed at the workshop and to solicit additional feedback from the broader research community.

The class I scavenger receptor CD163 promotes internalization of ADAMTS13 by macrophages

“…19 SRs comprise a large group of proteins that are divided into 10 different structural classes (classes A through J). 32,33,45,46 By using a proteomic approach, CD163 was identified as a putative receptor for ADAMTS13. CD163 is an SR expressed by macrophages and then primarily by bone marrow macrophages, liver macrophages (Kupffer cells), and red pulp macrophages in the spleen 42,47 ; other tissue-resident macrophages express CD163 to a lesser extent.…”

LCFA Uptake and FAT/CD36: molecular cloning, tissue expression and mRNA expression responses to dietary oil sources in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

“…The fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36), now officially being designated as the scavenger receptor B2 (SR-B2) (Prabhudas et al 2014), is one of the most important FA transporters associated with LCFA trans-membrane uptake as it has been reported in humans ) and different teleost fish species (Torstensen et al 2009;Zhou et al 2010;Fink et al 2015). The molecular and functional characterization of this protein has been described in zebra fish (Danio rerio), common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (Fink et al 2015) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) (Tian et al 2017).…”

Exploiting scavenger receptors in cancer immunotherapy: Lessons from CD5 and SR‐B1

“…SR-B1 is a highly N-glycosylated type 3 glycoprotein (has two transmembrane domains and Nand C-terminus are intracytoplasmic) with an apparent molecular mass of 85 kD [19]. SR-B1 is expressed at low levels in most cells and it is highly expressed in the liver and steroidogenic glands.…”

“…CD5 is a lymphoid member of the Scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily (SRCR-SF), a group of SRs (Class I, according to the new standardized nomenclature) [19] characterized by the presence of several repeats of a cysteine-rich, 90-110 amino acid-long globular domain with a high degree of structural and phylogenetic conservation [20,21]. CD5 is a type I membrane glycoprotein of 67 kDa exclusively composed of three extracellular SRCR domains in tandem, and a cytoplasmic tail well adapted for signal transduction.…”