“Standards and specifications in the engineering industries”

Warner, Frederick

doi:10.1049/tpe.1977.0160

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Thus, in the study by Wiech et al [58], the haemolymph of crabs that were given Cd in their diets also had the lowest Cd concentrations. According to Warner [59], the metal present in ingested food is absorbed directly from the midgut into the hepatopancreas, whereas the Cd present in the water is absorbed mainly through the gills and first enters the haemolymph before being redistributed to the digestive tract [60]-and may even be present in somewhat higher concentrations in the haemolymph than in muscles [58]. However, the greater concentrations we detected in muscles than in the haemolymph coincides with the results of other studies [42,61].…”

Section: Distribution Accumulation and Excretion Of CDsupporting

confidence: 88%

Chronic Microplastic Exposure and Cadmium Accumulation in Blue Crabs

Hernández-López

Romero

2022

IJERPH

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Aquatic ecosystems are severely threatened by the presence of a multitude of pollutants. In seas and oceans, the amount of plastics continues to increase and there is great concern about toxic element accumulation. Specifically, cadmium (Cd), a toxic metal, is highly relevant to public health safety due to its ability to accumulate in the internal tissues of crustaceans; likewise, microplastics (MPs) are emerging as pollutants capable of causing alterations in marine organisms. The aim of this study was thus to evaluate the accumulation and distribution of Cd in the tissue of blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) chronically exposed to MPs (25 μg L−1). In total, 24 crabs were exposed in water for 118 days to 2 types of MPs (virgin and oxidised). During the final 21 days of the experiment, the crabs were fed with tuna liver, a viscera in which Cd accumulates (mean of 7.262 µg g−1). The presence of MPs caused no changes in Cd concentrations in either the haemolymph or tissues (hepatopancreas, gills, and muscles) of the crabs, although for oxidised MPs, there was a positive correlation between Cd concentrations in the hepatopancreas and muscles, a relevant finding for food safety.

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Section: Distribution Accumulation and Excretion Of CDsupporting

confidence: 88%

Chronic Microplastic Exposure and Cadmium Accumulation in Blue Crabs

Hernández-López

Romero

2022

IJERPH

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“…These guidelines were not presented as a standard because of “misgivings in many sectors of industry about the reissue of defence standards” (BSI, 1979, p. 2) with the result that there was a proliferation of quality assurance standards and inspectors from purchasing and third party organizations. To mitigate this, Warner’s (1977) report “Standards and specifications in the engineering industries” recommended that these be rationalized through a common standard and, following further consultation, BSI published quality standard BS 5750 in 1979 (British Standards Institute, 1979). Essentially, there were few differences between BS 5179 and BS 5750 with the main ones being that they were requirements rather than recommendations, and it was published in three parts: specification for design, manufacture and installation; specification for manufacture and installation; and specification for final inspection and test. …”

Section: The Development Of International Organization For Standardization 9001 Quality Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a knowledge management policy for ISO 9001: 2015

Wilson

Campbell²

2016

JKM

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Purpose International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001: 2015 quality management systems places an obligation on organizations to consider the role of organizational knowledge as a resource. The purpose of this paper is to systematically relate the key fundamentals of knowledge management to the seven quality management principles of ISO 9001: 2015. It is the first to consider this relationship. Design/methodology/approach The paper traces the history of quality standards and the background to the inclusion of an organizational knowledge clause in ISO 9001: 2015. It then systematically considers the seven quality management principles in relation to knowledge management principles. Findings The core elements of the knowledge management standard are incorporated with the organizational knowledge clause. Explicit and tacit knowledge are addressed by the ISO standard. Knowledge and its management will become increasingly important in organizations driven by ISO certification requirements. Research limitations/implications ISO 9001: 2015 was released in September 2015 which means that organizations have yet to apply the organizational knowledge clause. This paper is a conceptual one which needs to be complemented with empirical research. Practical implications This paper identifies the role of knowledge management principles as they apply to ISO 9001: 2015 and the seven quality management principles. More than 1.1 million organizations are certified to ISO 9001, plus many others who use the standard informally. Those involved with organizational quality will need to understand the role of knowledge in the organization. Social implications Quality services and products need to be underpinned with strategic knowledge management. Originality/value This paper is the first to discuss knowledge management in relation to the seven quality management principles which assist the development of policy for quality management.

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“…In the UK, various studies including 'Standards in Specifications in the Engineering Industry' (Warner, 1977), indicated that quality costs comprise very large proportions of manufacturing costs. It was estimated that the cost of achieving or not achieving the required quality standard of goods produced by UK establishments cost the UK approximately 10% of the £105,000 million total sales of goods in 1976, or £10 billion.…”

Section: Quality Costs En Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying Quality Costs in a Software Development Environment

Hollingsworth

Keogh

Atkins

1999

AJIS

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This paper shows how Quality Costs can be a measure of software quality. The relationship between Quality Costs and other software quality metrics is briefly explained, and software development oriented versions of the two principal Quality Cost models are described. Finally the paper discusses the major issues involved in setting up a software Quality Cost programme. The concepts are based on previous research on Quality Costs in manufacturing, coupled with work on software metrics and the work currently being undertaken by the authors in a number of industries.

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“Standards and specifications in the engineering industries”

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Chronic Microplastic Exposure and Cadmium Accumulation in Blue Crabs

Chronic Microplastic Exposure and Cadmium Accumulation in Blue Crabs

Developing a knowledge management policy for ISO 9001: 2015

Applying Quality Costs in a Software Development Environment

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