Standards in school toilets - a questionnaire survey

Barnes, Patricia M.; Maddocks, Alison

doi:10.1093/pubmed/24.2.85

Cited by 47 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Six studies met the pre-defined search criteria for sanitation [32,33,34,35,36,37]. Five of the studies were conducted in a developed nation [32,33,34,36,37] and one in a developing [35]; all six document inadequacies in sanitation provision and the benefits of provision in schools.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water and Sanitation in Schools: A Systematic Review of the Health and Educational Outcomes

Jasper

Bartram

2012

IJERPH

199

168

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A systematic review of the literature on the effects of water and sanitation in schools was performed. The goal was to characterize the impacts of water and sanitation inadequacies in the academic environment. Published peer reviewed literature was screened and articles that documented the provision of water and sanitation at schools were considered. Forty-one peer-reviewed papers met the criteria of exploring the effects of the availability of water and/or sanitation facilities in educational establishments. Chosen studies were divided into six fields based on their specific foci: water for drinking, water for handwashing, water for drinking and handwashing, water for sanitation, sanitation for menstruation and combined water and sanitation. The studies provide evidence for an increase in water intake with increased provision of water and increased access to water facilities. Articles also report an increase in absenteeism from schools in developing countries during menses due to inadequate sanitation facilities. Lastly, there is a reported decrease in diarrheal and gastrointestinal diseases with increased access to adequate sanitation facilities in schools. Ensuring ready access to safe drinking water, and hygienic toilets that offer privacy to users has great potential to beneficially impact children’s health. Additional studies that examine the relationship between sanitation provisions in schools are needed to more adequately characterize the impact of water and sanitation on educational achievements.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water and Sanitation in Schools: A Systematic Review of the Health and Educational Outcomes

Jasper

Bartram

2012

IJERPH

199

168

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“…Children often say that they encounter problems with school toilets, which can be unhygienic or poorly maintained. This has an impact on their use and some children go as far as never using them during the school day [22]. Hence, as water is often available only in the toilets children do not have an adequate fluid intake during the school day.…”

Section: Limitations Related To the School Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Educational Resource on Water and Health as a Teaching Aid in French Primary Schools—Part II: Design and Validation

Savanovitch

Sauvant-Rochat

2013

Education Sciences

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An educational resource on water and health, using an approach focused on health education and environmental health education, was developed to help teachers in the classroom. The implementation of health education programs in French primary schools is explained. Three specific objectives were identified, targeting 3rd, 4th, and 5th year pupils: water as a body constituent, water as a nutrient element, and water as a factor in hygiene, and their individual contribution to good health. The project was led by academics in close collaboration with education and health professionals (school nurses, public health engineers), and people working in health promotion organizations and environmental associations. The method used for the design and validation of the resource was adapted to the educational objective. The "Water and Health" educational resource is structured in 25 modules and includes 89 work files. It was validated in the classroom and includes an assessment of the teaching material and the pupils' results. The resource has been published in French by the Regional Teachers' Resource Centre (CRDP Auvergne, France) and is distributed by the National Teachers' Resource Network (Sceren).

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“…Perceptions of sight and smell and feelings of insecurity hindered children from using the school toilets. Additionally, Barnes and Maddocks [42] showed that 40% of 87 primary school children in South Wales would never use the school toilet to defecate and that a significant proportion of children were bullied or teased at the toilets. Vernon et al [43] assessed 394 children's experiences of school toilets in England and 157 children in Sweden.…”

Section: Behavioral Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic childhood constipation: A review of the literature and the introduction of a protocolized behavioral intervention program

Dijk

Benninga

Grootenhuis

et al. 2007

Patient Education and Counseling

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Standards in school toilets - a questionnaire survey

Abstract: The same standards for toilet facilities in the workplace should apply to schools. Substandard facilities may contribute to the suppression of the 'call to stool', leading to chronic constipation. Infectious illnesses may be more easily spread.

Cited by 47 publications

References 5 publications

Water and Sanitation in Schools: A Systematic Review of the Health and Educational Outcomes

Water and Sanitation in Schools: A Systematic Review of the Health and Educational Outcomes

An Educational Resource on Water and Health as a Teaching Aid in French Primary Schools—Part II: Design and Validation

Chronic childhood constipation: A review of the literature and the introduction of a protocolized behavioral intervention program

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