Standing up for the body. Recent progress in uncovering the networks involved in the perception of bodies and bodily expressions

Gelder, Béatrice de; Stock, Jan Van den; Meeren, Hanneke K. M.; Sinke, Charlotte B. A.; Kret, Mariska E.; Tamietto, Marco

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.10.008

Cited by 264 publications

(229 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…Brain imaging work has shown that a network of posterior brain regions is highly tuned to extract the visual shape of body parts or whole bodies, for example in the extrastriate body area in the lateral occipital cortex (Kanwisher et al 1997;Astafiev et al 2004;Gentile et al 2013). This literature also provides evidence that visual processing of the body (or face) depends on the spatial orientation of the image (de Gelder et al 2010;Minnebusch and Daum 2009 for reviews). This has been tested by the body/face inversion effect, consisting in RT or neural activation differences for visual processing upright versus inverted body or face (but not object) stimuli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visuospatial viewpoint manipulation during full-body illusion modulates subjective first-person perspective

2014

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viewpoint had no effect on self-identification, but depended on the viewed object and visuotactile synchrony. Selflocation depended on visuospatial viewpoint (first experiment) and visuotactile synchrony (second experiment). Our results show that the visuospatial viewpoint from which the virtual body is seen during FBIs modulates the subjective 1PP and that such viewpoint manipulations contribute to spatial aspects of BSC. We compare the present data with recent data revealing vestibular contributions to the subjective 1PP and discuss the multisensory nature of BSC and the subjective 1PP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visuospatial viewpoint manipulation during full-body illusion modulates subjective first-person perspective

2014

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“…Activity in this area is associated with conscious perception of facial expressions (39) but has also been associated with the processing of dynamic and static whole-body movements and emotional expressions in healthy subjects (40). FG activity during nonconscious perception of emotions has been reported only in one previous study on GY that used static facial expressions (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortico-subcortical visual, somatosensory, and motor activations for perceiving dynamic whole-body emotional expressions with and without striate cortex (V1)

Stock

Tamietto

Sorger

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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142

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Patients with striate cortex damage and clinical blindness retain the ability to process certain visual properties of stimuli that they are not aware of seeing. Here we investigated the neural correlates of residual visual perception for dynamic whole-body emotional actions. Angry and neutral emotional whole-body actions were presented in the intact and blind visual hemifield of a cortically blind patient with unilateral destruction of striate cortex. Comparisons of angry vs. neutral actions performed separately in the blind and intact visual hemifield showed in both cases increased activation in primary somatosensory, motor, and premotor cortices. Activations selective for intact hemifield presentation of angry compared with neutral actions were located subcortically in the right lateral geniculate nucleus and cortically in the superior temporal sulcus, prefrontal cortex, precuneus, and intraparietal sulcus. Activations specific for blind hemifield presentation of angry compared with neutral actions were found in the bilateral superior colliculus, pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus, amygdala, and right fusiform gyrus. Direct comparison of emotional modulation in the blind vs. intact visual hemifield revealed selective activity in the right superior colliculus and bilateral pulvinar for angry expressions, thereby showing a selective involvement of these subcortical structures in nonconscious visual emotion perception.blindsight | body expressions | consciousness T he visual system encompasses a number of parallel visual pathways (1) of which the primary geniculostriate system processes a wide range of stimulus attributes. Other extrageniculostriate visual routes likely have a much more narrowly specified function, as indicated by their sensitivity to a limited range of spatial frequencies (2), spectral components (3), or motion parameters (4). However, we do not yet have a clear understanding of how these different extrageniculostriate pathways and the visual attributes they process match. Some visual attributes can also be processed by both the geniculostriate pathway and a more specialized extrageniculostriate one.One important example is movement perception. As originally discovered by Kohler and Held (5), movement perception elicits significant qualitative and quantitative differences at the neural as well as at behavioral level compared with static stimuli in the intact brain. These differences likely reflect the high evolutionary value of movement perception and may be especially important for understanding residual visual abilities in the case of striate cortex (V1) damage. In fact, after V1 damage, cortically blind patients retain a limited visual ability for movement discrimination (4, 6-9), akin to what has been previously observed in animals with V1 destruction (10,11). This spared ability to process simple movement is probably based on the extrageniculostriate connections that motion-sensitive human middle temporal/V5 complex (hMT/V5) has with subcortical structures like the lateral geniculate nucleus ...

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“…Recent findings suggest that not just a person's face but their whole body posture can trigger non-conscious perception of the person's emotions in an observer 118,119 . It therefore makes sense to assume that, like facial expressions, body postures belong to a category of biological stimuli to which we are evolutionarily prepared to respond.…”

Section: Box 3 | Ontogenetic Development Of the Subcortical Pathway Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It therefore makes sense to assume that, like facial expressions, body postures belong to a category of biological stimuli to which we are evolutionarily prepared to respond. Non-conscious perception of body expressions indicating fear or joy activates the pulvinar and can induce arousal or mimicry responses in healthy individuals and in patients with cortical blindness 45,64,68 , whereas unattended angry or fearful bodily expressions can activate the amygdala and summon attention in healthy individuals 119 and patients with hemispatial neglect 34 . Stimuli that represent evolution-determined threats, such as spiders and snakes, have also been tested under conditions of visual unawareness.…”

Section: Box 3 | Ontogenetic Development Of the Subcortical Pathway Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural bases of the non-conscious perception of emotional signals

2010

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| Many emotional stimuli are processed without being consciously perceived. Recent evidence indicates that subcortical structures have a substantial role in this processing. These structures are part of a phylogenetically ancient pathway that has specific functional properties and that interacts with cortical processes. There is now increasing evidence that non-consciously perceived emotional stimuli induce distinct neurophysiological changes and influence behaviour towards the consciously perceived world. Understanding the neural bases of the non-conscious perception of emotional signals will clarify the phylogenetic continuity of emotion systems across species and the integration of cortical and subcortical activity in the human brain.

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Standing up for the body. Recent progress in uncovering the networks involved in the perception of bodies and bodily expressions

Cited by 264 publications

References 100 publications

Visuospatial viewpoint manipulation during full-body illusion modulates subjective first-person perspective

Visuospatial viewpoint manipulation during full-body illusion modulates subjective first-person perspective

Cortico-subcortical visual, somatosensory, and motor activations for perceiving dynamic whole-body emotional expressions with and without striate cortex (V1)

Neural bases of the non-conscious perception of emotional signals

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