Standoff Chemical Detection Using Laser Absorption Spectroscopy: A Review

Li, Jinyi; Yu, Ziwei; Du, Zhenhui; Ji, Yue; Liu, Chang

doi:10.3390/rs12172771

Cited by 77 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 251 publications

(329 reference statements)

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“…Thus, WMS TDLAS can improve the signal-to-noise ratio and provide a zero baseline signal [ 88 ]. In the case of frequency modulation spectroscopy (FMS) sensors, the frequency of laser control current is modulated to a very high frequency in the same magnitude as the line width of the target gas, which is usually higher than 100 MHz [ 132 ]. Therefore, FMS TDLAS has a lower 1/f noise and higher SNR for the lead-salt diode at the cost of high speed detector and lock-in amplifier [ 88 , 132 ], but they do not provide significant benefits for room temperature DFB lasers [ 88 ].…”

Section: Dissolved Co Measurement Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of frequency modulation spectroscopy (FMS) sensors, the frequency of laser control current is modulated to a very high frequency in the same magnitude as the line width of the target gas, which is usually higher than 100 MHz [132]. Therefore, FMS TDLAS has a lower 1/f noise and higher SNR for the lead-salt diode at the cost of high speed detector and lock-in amplifier [88,132], but they do not provide significant benefits for room temperature DFB lasers [88]. TDLAS sensors exclusively exploit lasers as their infrared source, including semiconductor lasers, doped insulator lasers, and quantum cascade (QC) lasers [101].…”

Section: Infrared Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Scheme of tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) sensors, adapted from [ 101 , 132 ]: ( a ) TDLAS based on direct absorption spectroscopy; ( b ) wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) TDLAS; and ( c ) frequency modulation spectroscopy (FMS) TDLAS. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Review of Dissolved CO and H2 Measurement Methods for Syngas Fermentation

Dang

Wang

Atiyeh

2021

Sensors

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Syngas fermentation is a promising technique to produce biofuels using syngas obtained through gasified biomass and other carbonaceous materials or collected from industrial CO-rich off-gases. The primary components of syngas, carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2), are converted to alcohols and other chemicals through an anaerobic fermentation process by acetogenic bacteria. Dissolved CO and H2 concentrations in fermentation media are among the most important parameters for successful and stable operation. However, the difficulties in timely and precise dissolved CO and H2 measurements hinder the industrial-scale commercialization of this technique. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of available dissolved CO and H2 measurement methods, focusing on their detection mechanisms, CO and H2 cross interference and operations in syngas fermentation process. This paper further discusses potential novel methods by providing a critical review of gas phase CO and H2 detection methods with regard to their capability to be modified for measuring dissolved CO and H2 in syngas fermentation conditions.

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Section: Dissolved Co Measurement Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Infrared Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Dissolved CO and H2 Measurement Methods for Syngas Fermentation

Dang

Wang

Atiyeh

2021

Sensors

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“…A scheme for sensors based on the backscattering of a probe beam has been reported in several publications [37][38][39][40][41][42]. Scattering from a native surface was reported in [38], and from the surfaces embedded into probes in [39].…”

Section: Efficiency Of the Mprrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Fiber-Coupled Diode Laser Sensor for Calibration-Free 1f-WMS Determination of an Absorption Line Intensity

Liger

Mironenko

Kuritsyn

et al. 2020

Sensors

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A new scheme for a calibration-free diode laser absorption spectroscopy (DLAS) sensor for measuring the parameters of harsh zones is proposed. The key element of the scheme is a micro-prism retroreflector (MPRR). The MPRR facilitates an increase in the mechanical stability of the sensor and a decrease in the background thermal radiation in the hot areas of a tested zone. Reduction in the broadband thermal emission allowed the application of a differential logarithmic conversion (LC) technique for elimination of the residual amplitude modulation and other sources of non-selective attenuation of the probing laser beam. LC allows the use of a 1f-wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) detection scheme. Combination of LC and a 1f-WMS algorithm provided a new modification of calibration-free DLAS, which could be particularly useful for probing harsh zones with pronounced strong turbulence and high levels of acoustic and electrical noise. The influence of the experimental parameters and characteristics of the main electronic components of the recording and processing system on the accuracy of the integral line intensity determination is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The proposed optical scheme of a DLAS sensor and algorithm for the data processing allowed the integral intensity of an absorption line to be obtained. The potential for the scheme was exemplified with a single water vapor absorption line at 7185.6 cm–1. Simultaneous detection of several absorption lines and data processing using the developed algorithm provides the final goal of a DLAS sensor—determination of temperature and partial pressure of a test molecule in a probed gas volume. The developed scheme allows the spatial multiplexing of the radiation of different diode lasers (DLs), which can be used if various test molecules are to be detected, or absorption lines of a test molecule are detected over different wavelength intervals.

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“…Among several methods suitable for detecting, multiple GHG free-path, laser-based are the most promising [19]. The differential absorption light detection and ranging (DIAL) technique emerges as a new technology that has great potential for measuring the local increase in GHGs and supporting international climate agreements [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomous Differential Absorption Laser Device for Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Greenhouse Gases

et al. 2022

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A ground-based, integrated path, differential absorption (IPDA) light detection device capable of measuring multiple greenhouse gas (GHG) species in the atmosphere is presented. The device was developed to monitor greenhouse gas concentrations in small-scale areas with high emission activities. It is equipped with two low optical power tunable diode lasers in the near-infrared spectral range for the atmospheric detection of carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapors (CO2, CH4 and H2O). The device was tested with measurements of background concentrations of CO2 and CH4 in the atmosphere (Crete, Greece). Accuracies in the measurement retrievals of CO2 and CH4 were estimated at 5 ppm (1.2%) and 50 ppb (2.6%), respectively. A method that exploits the intensity of the recorded H2O absorption line in combination with weather measurements (water vapor pressure, temperature, and atmospheric pressure) to calculate the GHG concentrations is proposed. The method eliminates the requirement for measuring the range of the laser beam propagation. Accuracy in the measurement of CH4 using the H2O absorption line is estimated at 90 ppb (4.8%). The values calculated by the proposed method are in agreement with those obtained from the differential absorption LiDAR equation (DIAL).

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Standoff Chemical Detection Using Laser Absorption Spectroscopy: A Review

Cited by 77 publications

References 251 publications

Review of Dissolved CO and H2 Measurement Methods for Syngas Fermentation

Review of Dissolved CO and H2 Measurement Methods for Syngas Fermentation

Advanced Fiber-Coupled Diode Laser Sensor for Calibration-Free 1f-WMS Determination of an Absorption Line Intensity

Autonomous Differential Absorption Laser Device for Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Greenhouse Gases

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