Staphylococcal endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase inhibits response of human lymphocytes to mitogens and interferes with production of antibodies in mice.

Valisena, S; Varaldo, Pietro E.; Satta, G.

doi:10.1172/jci115224

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In L. monocytogenes, murein-hydrolyzing activity of the flagellin FlaA was demonstrated (43), but its autolytic activity remained unknown. Bacterial autolysins are implicated in a number of cellular processes, including cell wall turnover, cell division, cell separation, chemotaxis, biofilm formation, genetic competence, protein secretion, antibiotic-induced lysis, sporulation, and formation of flagella (47,49), and in pathogenesis (3,11,19,20,38,51). Although further studies are required to elucidate the biological functions of the autolysin IspC and its role in virulence, it may be expected that IspC is involved in at least some of the cellular processes described for bacterial autolysins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of IspC, an 86-Kilodalton Protein Target of Humoral Immune Response to Infection with Listeria monocytogenes Serotype 4b, as a Novel Surface Autolysin

Wang

Lin

2007

J Bacteriol

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We identified and biochemically characterized a novel surface-localized autolysin from Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b, an 86-kDa protein consisting of 774 amino acids and known from our previous studies as the target (designated IspC) of the humoral immune response to listerial infection. Recombinant IspC, expressed in Escherichia coli, was purified and used to raise specific rabbit polyclonal antibodies for protein characterization. The native IspC was detected in all growth phases at a relatively stable low level during a 22-h in vitro culture, although its gene was transiently transcribed only in the early exponential growth phase. This and our previous findings suggest that IspC is upregulated in vivo during infection. The protein was unevenly distributed in clusters on the cell surface, as shown by immunofluorescence and immunogold electron microscopy. Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, intracellular bacterium that causes a severe food-borne disease (listeriosis) with clinical symptoms including septicemia, meningitis, and abortion, mainly in immunocompromised individuals, neonates, the elderly, and pregnant women (52). The disease leads to a significant mortality rate of 20 to 30% (7,18,35,46,52). Although 13 serotypes of Listeria are recognized, serotypes 4b, 1/2a, and 1/2b of L. monocytogenes are responsible for almost all human cases of listeriosis (13,34,53), with serotype 4b strains accounting for almost all major outbreaks and a large portion of sporadic cases, suggesting that this serotype possesses a virulence potential highly specific to humans (15, 26).Entry into host cells (professional or nonprofessional phagocytes) by L. monocytogenes followed by the spread of the bacterium into adjacent cells is a complex process in which a number of protein factors are involved (8, 15; reviewed in reference 52). Internalization of the bacterium by induced phatocytosis is mediated by the interactions of the specific cell receptors with at least two internalins, InlA and InlB (6,14,16,37). Escape from the primary phagosome to the cytosol requires the lysis of the membrane by the pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O and a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, PlcA (17). The bacterial surface protein ActA recruits host cell actin molecules and actin-binding proteins to form a comet-like actin polymer tail which promotes the bacterial intra-and intercellular movement (41). Listeriolysin O and a phosphocholine-specific phospholipase C with a broad range of substrate specificity, PlcB, mediate the disruption of a double-membrane phagosome in a newly infected cell (50). Other factors that contribute to the bacterial virulence have been demonstrated, including several autolysins (9,22,23,27,29,38,54), p60, Ami, NamA, and Auto.Our group has been interested in immunogenic surface proteins (Isp) of L. monocytogenes, which are less characterized and understood. Study of such proteins may provide new insights into the mechanism of Listeria pathogenesis, virulence, and immunity. ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of IspC, an 86-Kilodalton Protein Target of Humoral Immune Response to Infection with Listeria monocytogenes Serotype 4b, as a Novel Surface Autolysin

Wang

Lin

2007

J Bacteriol

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“…Similarly, the glucosaminidase from S . aureus has been shown to strongly depress the immune system in mice and may also interfere with human immune responses (Valisena et al, 1991). L. monocytogenes mutants with reduced p60 levels exhibited reduced (if any) ability to invade host cells (Kuhn & Goebel, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of an autolytic amidase of Listeria monocytogenes EGD

McLaughlan

Foster

1998

Microbiology

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The gene encoding a 102 kDa autolysin has been cloned from an expression library of Listeria monocytogenes EGD genomic DNA, using a direct screening protocol. The encoded protein has two domains, an N-terminal enzymic domain showing a high level of homology to the amidase domain of the major autolysin (at/) of Staphylococcus aureus, and a C-terminal, putative cell-wallbinding domain containing four imperfect direct repeats. In order to examine the role of the enzyme, the autolysin-encoding gene was insertionally inactivated by site-specif ic integration of a temperature sensitive plasmid. The enzyme accounts for 66% of the total lytic enzyme activity when L. monocytogenes walls are used as substrate and several of the major autolytic bands are missing on renaturing gels when compared to the wild-type. The enzyme does not appear to be directly involved in cell separation but has a role in motility. Characterization of the recombinant enzyme expressed in Escherichia coli has revealed it to be an amidase and to be able to hydrolyse a range of peptidoglycan substrates.

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“…Atl also functions as an adhesin, 86 a biofilm enzyme, 87 which was identified as a potential molecular target of vancomycin 88 and has been reported to interfere with the production of antibodies in mice. 89 Moreover, Amd and Gmd are immune-dominant antigens in mice and humans, 75,90 and pre-clinical vaccine studies have demonstrated significant efficacy. 91,92 …”

Section: New Approaches For Prevention and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orthopaedic device-related infection: current and future interventions for improved prevention and treatment

et al. 2016

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Orthopaedic and trauma device-related infection (ODRI) remains one of the major complications in modern trauma and orthopaedic surgery.Despite best practice in medical and surgical management, neither prophylaxis nor treatment of ODRI is effective in all cases, leading to infections that negatively impact clinical outcome and significantly increase healthcare expenditure.The following review summarises the microbiological profile of modern ODRI, the impact antibiotic resistance has on treatment outcomes, and some of the principles and weaknesses of the current systemic and local antibiotic delivery strategies.The emerging novel strategies aimed at preventing or treating ODRI will be reviewed. Particular attention will be paid to the potential for clinical impact in the coming decades, when such interventions are likely to be critically important.The review focuses on this problem from an interdisciplinary perspective, including basic science innovations and best practice in infectious disease. IntroductionOrthopaedic and trauma device-related infection (ODRI) remains a major complication in modern trauma and orthopaedic surgery. 1 Despite best practice in medical and surgical management, neither prophylaxis nor treatment of ODRI is effective in all cases, and can lead to infections that negatively impact clinical outcome and significantly increase healthcare expenditure. 2 Pre-operative and correctly-timed prophylactic antibiotic intervention is mandatory for a majority of orthopaedic procedures. However, despite this, the incidence of infection following elective orthopaedic surgery is in the range of 0.7% to 4.2%, 3-7 while the incidence can be much higher in trauma cases where infection rates range from approximately 1% after operative fixation of closed low-energy fractures, to more than 30% in complex open tibia fractures. 8,9 Treatment success rates vary, with between 57% and 88% often reported. [10][11][12] Current curative approaches (radical debridement, revision surgery and prolonged antibiotic therapy) often result in significant socioeconomic costs, not to mention the risk of life-long functional impairment for the patient. Against this background, and with the increasing issue of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the problem of ODRI is set to continue to pose a challenge for practising clinicians in the coming decades. The clinical and microbiological challenges of modern device-related infectionsThe most prevalent species in ODRIs are Staphylococci. [13][14][15][16][17] Staphylococcus (S.) aureus accounts for between 20% and 30% of cases of infection after fracture fixation and prosthetic joint infections (PJI), with coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) accounting for 20%-40% of cases, [13][14][15][16] including small colony variants. 18 Other Gram-positive cocci including Streptococci (1%-10%) and Enterococci (3%-7%) are less frequently encountered. Infections caused by Gram-negative bacilli, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae account for approximately 6%-17%, [13][14][15][16...

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Staphylococcal endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase inhibits response of human lymphocytes to mitogens and interferes with production of antibodies in mice.

Abstract: IntroductionThe effect of a bacteriolytic enzyme, the endo-,j-N-acetylglu-

Cited by 24 publications

References 32 publications

Identification of IspC, an 86-Kilodalton Protein Target of Humoral Immune Response to Infection with Listeria monocytogenes Serotype 4b, as a Novel Surface Autolysin

Identification of IspC, an 86-Kilodalton Protein Target of Humoral Immune Response to Infection with Listeria monocytogenes Serotype 4b, as a Novel Surface Autolysin

Molecular characterization of an autolytic amidase of Listeria monocytogenes EGD

Orthopaedic device-related infection: current and future interventions for improved prevention and treatment

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