“…26 There are numerous detection platforms available that follows enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and bio-nano transduction principle and sensitive enough to detect 2.9 ng mL −1 and 10 ng mL −1 , respectively. 27,28 However, for onsite detection of toxin and pathogens, detection systems developed by avoiding tedious laboratory settings and skilled manpower is requisite. Moreover, a cost effective detection platform will also ensure its deployment under resource-poor settings.…”