Staphylococcal Infection due to Penicillin-resistant Strains

Barber, Mary

doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4534.863

Cited by 126 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…18 By 1948, ~60% of hospital strains were penicillin-resistant 19 and ␤-lactamase resistance had been described. 20 The introduction of other new antimicrobial agents in the 1940s and 1950s was usually followed by reports of resistance, so that by the end of the 1950s multiple antibiotic resistance was common in hospitals. For instance, at least 85% of all Staphylococcus aureus strains in a hospital in Seattle, WA, USA, in 1959 were resistant to penicillin and streptomycin, 60% resistant to tetracycline, 43% resistant to erythromycin and 28% resistant to chloramphenicol.…”

Section: Increasing Antimicrobial Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of isolation policies in the hospital management of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a review of the literature with epidemiological and economic modelling

Cooper

Stone²,

Kibbler³

et al. 2003

Health Technol Assess

207

102

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Non-UK purchasers will have to pay a small fee for post and packing. For European countries the cost is £2 per monograph and for the rest of the world £3 per monograph.You can order HTA monographs from our Despatch Agents:-fax (with credit card or official purchase order) -post (with credit card or official purchase order or cheque) -phone during office hours (credit card only).Additionally the HTA website allows you either to pay securely by credit card or to print out your order and then post or fax it. NHS libraries can subscribe free of charge. Public libraries can subscribe at a very reduced cost of £100 for each volume (normally comprising 30-40 titles). The commercial subscription rate is £300 per volume. Please see our website for details. Subscriptions can only be purchased for the current or forthcoming volume. Contact details are as follows: Payment methods Paying by chequeIf you pay by cheque, the cheque must be in pounds sterling, made payable to Direct Mail Works Ltd and drawn on a bank with a UK address. Paying by credit cardThe following cards are accepted by phone, fax, post or via the website ordering pages: Delta, Eurocard, Mastercard, Solo, Switch and Visa. We advise against sending credit card details in a plain email. Paying by official purchase orderYou can post or fax these, but they must be from public bodies (i.e. NHS or universities) within the UK.We cannot at present accept purchase orders from commercial companies or from outside the UK. How do I get a copy of HTA on CD?Please use the form on the HTA website (www.hta.ac.uk/htacd.htm). Or contact Direct Mail Works (see contact details above) by email, post, fax or phone. HTA on CD is currently free of charge worldwide.The website also provides information about the HTA Programme and lists the membership of the various committees. HTA NHS R&D HTA ProgrammeT he NHS R&D Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Programme was set up in 1993 to ensure that high-quality research information on the costs, effectiveness and broader impact of health technologies is produced in the most efficient way for those who use, manage and provide care in the NHS.Initially, six HTA panels (pharmaceuticals, acute sector, primary and community care, diagnostics and imaging, population screening, methodology) helped to set the research priorities for the HTA Programme. However, during the past few years there have been a number of changes in and around NHS R&D, such as the establishment of the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) and the creation of three new research programmes: Service Delivery and Organisation (SDO); New and Emerging Applications of Technology (NEAT); and the Methodology Programme.This has meant that the HTA panels can now focus more explicitly on health technologies ('health technologies' are broadly defined to include all interventions used to promote health, prevent and treat disease, and improve rehabilitation and long-term care) rather than settings of care. Therefore the panel structure was replaced in 2000 by three new pane...

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Section: Increasing Antimicrobial Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of isolation policies in the hospital management of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a review of the literature with epidemiological and economic modelling

Cooper

Stone²,

Kibbler³

et al. 2003

Health Technol Assess

207

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Those authors concluded that, "in certain subjects penicillin therapy may result in the development of resistant strains" (5). In 1947, a British physician documented an increase in the proportion of Staphylococcus pyogenes isolates resistant to penicillin (6). In her hospital, over 2 observation periods in 1946 and 1947, all Staphylococcus pyogenes isolates cultured from lesions were tested for penicillin susceptibility: in less than a year, the proportion of resistant isolates rose from 14% to 38%.…”

Section: Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Interpretation of Studies Examining the Effect of Antibiotic Usage on Resistance

et al. 2013

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SUMMARY Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a growing clinical problem and public health threat. Antibiotic use is a known risk factor for the emergence of antibiotic resistance, but demonstrating the causal link between antibiotic use and resistance is challenging. This review describes different study designs for assessing the association between antibiotic use and resistance and discusses strengths and limitations of each. Approaches to measuring antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance are presented. Important methodological issues such as confounding, establishing temporality, and control group selection are examined.

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“…This organism became resistant to penicillin shortly after the introduction of the antibiotic (4), which prompted the use of methicillin and oxacillin for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections. However, the development of resistance to those beta-lactams was seen in the early 1960s, just 2 years after their introduction (4a).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Population-Based Study of the Increased Incidence of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections and Associated Antimicrobial Use

Marra

Patrick

Chong

et al. 2012

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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b Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has spread rapidly throughout the world in the last decade. We sought to demonstrate the impact of the emergence of CA-MRSA in Western Canada on physician visits, incision-and-drainage procedures, and antibiotic prescribing for skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI). We used the provincial physician billing system to determine the rate of physician visits (per 1,000 population per year) of SSTI and incision-and-drainage procedures. A database capturing all outpatient prescriptions in the province was anonymously linked to associated physician billing codes to quantify prescriptions associated with SSTI. Antibiotic prescriptions (overall and class specific) were expressed as their defined daily dose (DDD) per 1,000 inhabitants per day. Between 1996 and 2008, the rate of visits for all SSTI increased by 15%, and the majority of visits did not include an incision-and-drainage procedure. The rate of antibiotic prescribing for SSTI increased by 49%. The majority of this increase was attributable to the higher rates of use of clindamycin (627%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (380%), cephalosporins (160%), and amoxicillin-clavulanate (627%). Health care utilization and antibiotic prescribing rates for SSTI, but not incision-anddrainage procedures, have increased in association with the CA-MRSA epidemic. While much of the increase in antibiotic use reflects an appropriate change to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, there is room for education regarding the limitations of cephalosporins and clindamycin, given current susceptibility profiles.

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Staphylococcal Infection due to Penicillin-resistant Strains

Cited by 126 publications

References 1 publication

Systematic review of isolation policies in the hospital management of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a review of the literature with epidemiological and economic modelling

Systematic review of isolation policies in the hospital management of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a review of the literature with epidemiological and economic modelling

Epidemiological Interpretation of Studies Examining the Effect of Antibiotic Usage on Resistance

Population-Based Study of the Increased Incidence of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections and Associated Antimicrobial Use

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