Staphylococcal meningoencephalitis, nematodiasis, and typhlocolitis in a squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus)

Abstract

This is the first report describing spontaneous staphylococcal CNS infection in a squirrel monkey.

Transmission of Staphylococcus aureus from Humans to Green Monkeys in The Gambia as Revealed by Whole-Genome Sequencing

“…Interspecies transmission and adaptive host switching are known to occur between humans and nonhuman primates. Human-associated S. aureus lineages readily colonize and infect nonhuman primates in captivity and in the wild ( 9 – 12 ). In remote regions of Africa, wild monkeys are mainly colonized by S. aureus isolates belonging to uncharacterized clonal complexes that rarely colonize or infect humans, with one highly divergent clade isolated from monkeys in sub-Saharan Africa now classified as a new species, Staphylococcus schweitzeri ( 13 , 14 ).…”

Spontaneous meningoencephalitis by Staphylococcus aureus in an infant golden‐headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas)

“…19 In these cases, presumed routes of entry varied from skin wounding to implanted cerebral cannula. 8,10,18,20 In our case, a route of infection (eg, neurosurgical procedure, head trauma, extra-CNS staphylococcal infection) was not evident. No other lesions associated with or unrelated to CNS S. aureus were noted.…”

“…1,2 This bacterium was associated with external wounds, arthritis, bacteremia, surgery, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, indwelling catheters, air-sacculitis, "noma," and central nervous system (CNS) disease. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] The golden-headed lion tamarin (GHLT; Leontopithecus chrysomelas), endemic of southern Bahia state (Brazil), is an endangered NWP with ongoing population decline. 11 Efforts to maintain captive NWPs are relevant for ex situ species conservation and pathology studies addressing causes of death may contribute for management of this species.…”

“…Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal bacterium with occasional reports as opportunistic or primary pathogen in few NWP species, primarily in captive animals . This bacterium was associated with external wounds, arthritis, bacteremia, surgery, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, indwelling catheters, air‐sacculitis, “noma,” and central nervous system (CNS) disease …”

A case report of spontaneous staphylococcal meningitis in a cynomolgus monkey

“…However, bacterial meningitis is rare in nonhuman primates. Pneumococcal meningitis and staphylococcal meningoencephalitis have previously been reported in a chimpanzee and a squirrel monkey, respectively . A baboon had air sacculitis with suppurative meningitis, and Staphylococcus aureus was isolated by bacterial cultures of the meninges …”